Virtue of Charity

Giving Charity Repels Misfortune

The Virtue of Giving Charity Out of Public Sight

Giving Charity During the Night

Giving Charity Increases One’s Wealth

Giving Charity to Relatives

Providing for the Family to Improve the Quality of Their Lives

One’s Dependents

Giving Charity to Those Whom One Does Not Know

Giving Charity to Bedouins and People Who Live in Desolate Areas

Undesirability of Turning Away One Asking for Help

The Amount of Charity for One Asking for Help

The Prayer of the Recipient of Charity

One Who Distributes Charity Has a Share in Rewards with the Donor of Charity

Self-Abnegation (Giving Preference to Others Over One’s Self)

One Who Asks for Help Without Actually Needing Help

Unpleasantness of Begging

Embarrassing the Recipient of a Favor

Giving Charity After an Appeal From a Recipient

Benevolent Assistance (Optional Charity as Opposed to Compulsory Ones)

The Virtue of Benevolent Assistance

Another Chapter about the Subject of the Previous Chapter

Providing Benevolent Assistance Repels Wicked Encounters

Providers of Benevolent Assistance Will be Identified as Such on the Day of Judgment

Completion of Benevolent Assistance

Finding a Proper Recipient of Benevolent Assistance

Disciplines for Providing Benevolent Assistance

Refusing to Appreciate a Benevolent Assistance

Providing a Loan

Extending Due Date of Payment in Favor of the Borrower

Waiving a Loan in Favor of a Dead Person

The Cost of Maintenance of Wealth

Appreciation of Bounties

Understanding Generosity and Munificence

Spending on Deserving Causes

Stinginess and Greed

Rare Ahadith about Charity

Virtue of Serving Food

The Excellence of Moderation

Detestability of Over-Spending and Living in Austerity

Providing Water for Drinking

Charity for Descendents of al-Hashim and the People of Their Household (Servants) and Compensation to Them

The Rare Ahadith

The Excellence of Fast and Fasting

The Excellence of the Month of Ramadan

About the One Who Serves Food to a Fasting Person

Prohibition of Saying ‘Ramadan’ Instead of the ‘Month of Ramadan’

The Words to Say When the Month of Ramadan is About to Begin

Verifying the Rise of the New Moon and Finding Witnesses for It

Another Chapter about the Previous Subject

The Day That Is Doubtful About Its Being of the Month of Sha‘ban or the Month of Ramadan

Kinds of Fasts

Disciplines During Fasting

The Fasting of the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause

Excellence of Fasting in the Month of Shaman, Continuing Such Fast to Connect it with the Month of Ramadan, and Three Days of Fasting Every Month

Breakfast before Dawn

The Prayer to Say During Breakfast after Sunset

Fasting Continuously and All the Time

The Case of One Who Eats or Drinks but Has Doubts About Its Taking Place before or after Dawn

What Is Dawn, When Does It Come and When Is It Unlawful to Eat?

The Case of One Who Eats, Thinking it to Be after Sunset, when It Is Not yet Sunset

The Time of Breaking Fast after Sunset

The Case of One who Eats or Drinks out of Forgetfulness During the Month of Ramadan

The Case of One Who Knowingly Eats or Is Involved in Carnal Relation During the Month of Ramadan

The Case of a Person Involved in Carnal Relations in the Form of Kissing or Foreplay

The Case of One Who Experiences a Wet-Dream During the Night in the Month of Ramadan or at Other Times and Does Not Shower before Dawn or It Occurs During the Night or Day

The Undesirability of Immersing One’s Head in Water while Fasting

Rinsing One’s Mouth and Nostrils while Fasting

The Case of a Fasting Person’s Vomiting, Nauseating or Burping

The Case of a Fasting Person’s Use of Bath Room and Apply Cupping

The Case of a Fasting Person’s Sniffling or Use of Eardrops or Enema

The Case of a Fasting Person’s Use of Kohl (Eye Drops or powder)

A Fasting Person’s Use of Tooth Brush

A Fasting Person’s Use of Perfumes

A Fasting Person’s Use of Chewing Gum

The Case of a Fasting Person Tasting the Salt in Cooking Pot and Chews for the Fledgling

The Case of a Fly or Mucus Entering the Throat of a Fasting Person

The Case of a Fasting Person’s Keeping a Ring, a Pebble or a Date Stone in His Mouth while Fasting

The Case of Seniors Who Feel Weak when Fasting

The Case of a Pregnant or Breastfeeding Woman Who Feels Weak when Fasting

The Limit of Illness That Exempts One from Fasting

The Case of One Who Remains Ill for Two Consecutive Months of Ramadan

Remedy and Compensatory Fast for the Missed Fasting During the Month of Ramadan

The Case of One Who Wakes up in the Morning with an Intention to Fast, but Who Does Not Do So or Vice Versa when Fasting Is a Compensatory Fast for the Missed Fast in the Month of Ramadan or Other Days

The Case of One Who Fasts Optionally while He Is Obligated to Make Up for Fasting of the Month of Ramadan He Has Missed

The Case of a Person Who Passes Away Owing Fasting of the Month of Ramadan or Other Times

Children’s Fasting and When They Owe Fasting

The Case of One Who Becomes a Muslim during the Month of Ramadan

Undesirability of Traveling in the Month of Ramadan

Undesirability (unlawfulness) of Fast on a Journey

The Case of One Who Fasts on a Journey out of Ignorance

Those Who Do or Do Not Have to Break Their Fast on a Journey 

Optional Fasting on a Journey and Qada’ (compensatory fast) of Fasting Missed on a Journey

The Case of One Who Begins a Journey or Returns from a Journey in the Month of Ramadan

The Case of a Traveler Who Enters His Town or a Place where He Wants to Stay for Ten Days

The Case of One Who Involves Himself in Carnal Relations with His Wife on a Journey or Returns from a Journey in the Month of Ramadan

The Case of Fasting during Menses: Major or Minor One

The Case of One Who Owes Fasting of Two Consecutive Months but an Obstacle Prevents Him 

Fasting As Expiation for Swearing

1ـ عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى عَنْ غِيَاثِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ جَعْفَرٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ (عَلَيْهِما السَّلاَم) أَنَّ عَلِيّاً صَلَوَاتُ الله عَلَيْهِ كَرِهَ الْمِسْكَ أَنْ يَتَطَيَّبَ بِهِ الصَّائِمُ.

1. A number of our people have narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from Muhammad ibn Yahya, from Ghiyath ibn Ibrahim from Ja’far from his father who has narrated the following: “’Amir al-Mu’minin (a.s.), disliked the use of musk by a fasting person.”’ 

2ـ عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ عَنْ دَاوُدَ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ الْحَذَّاءِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْفَيْضِ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَم) يَنْهَى عَنِ النَّرْجِسِ فَقُلْتُ جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ لِمَ ذَلِكَ فَقَالَ لأَنَّهُ رَيْحَانُ الأَعَاجِمِ. وَأَخْبَرَنِي بَعْضُ أَصْحَابِنَا أَنَّ الأَعَاجِمَ كَانَتْ تَشَمُّهُ إِذَا صَامُوا وَقَالُوا إِنَّهُ يُمْسِكُ الْجُوعَ.

2. A number of our people have narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from ibn Khalid from Dawud ibn Ishaq al-Hadhdha’ from Muhammad ibn al-Fayd who has said the following: “I once heard abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), prohibiting the use of Narcissus. I then said, ‘I pray to Allah to keep my soul in service for your cause, why is that? He (the Imam) said, ’Because it is the perfume of non- Arabs.’ Certain persons of our people have narrated that non- Arabs wear this perfume when fasting and say that it suppresses hunger.’” 

3ـ عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ عَبْدِ الله بْنِ الْفَضْلِ النَّوْفَلِيِّ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ رَاشِدٍ قَالَ كَانَ أَبُو عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَم) إِذَا صَامَ تَطَيَّبَ بِالطِّيبِ وَيَقُولُ الطِّيبُ تُحْفَةُ الصَّائِمِ.

3. A number of our people have narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from ibn Khalid from his father ‘Abd Allah ibn al-Fadl al- Nawfaliy from al-Hassan ibn Rashid who has said the following: “Abu ’Abd Allah (a.s.), when fasting would use perfumes and say that perfume is the gift of fasting person.’” 

4ـ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ عَنِ الْعَلاءِ بْنِ رَزِينٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ قَالَ قُلْتُ لأَبِي عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَم) الصَّائِمُ يَشَمُّ الرَّيْحَانَ وَالطِّيبَ قَالَ لا بَأْسَ بِهِ. وَرُوِيَ أَنَّهُ لا يَشَمُّ الرَّيْحَانَ لأَنَّهُ يُكْرَهُ لَهُ أَنْ يَتَلَذَّذَ بِهِ.

4. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Muhammad ibn al-Hassan, from Ali ibn al-Hakam from al-‘Ala’ ibn Razin from Muhammad ibn Muslim who has said the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), ’Can a fasting person smell sweet basil and perfumes?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘It is not harmful.’” It is narrated that he (the Imam) would not smell sweet basil because of his dislike to enjoy such pleasure. 

5ـ عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ رَاشِدٍ قَالَ قُلْتُ لأَبِي عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَم) الْحَائِضُ تَقْضِي الصَّلاةَ قَالَ لا قُلْتُ تَقْضِي الصَّوْمَ قَالَ نَعَمْ قُلْتُ مِنْ أَيْنَ جَاءَ ذَا قَالَ إِنَّ أَوَّلَ مَنْ قَاسَ إِبْلِيسُ قُلْتُ وَالصَّائِمُ يَسْتَنْقِعُ فِي الْمَاءِ قَالَ نَعَمْ قُلْتُ فَيَبُلُّ ثَوْباً عَلَى جَسَدِهِ قَالَ لا قُلْتُ مِنْ أَيْنَ جَاءَ ذَا قَالَ مِنْ ذَاكَ قُلْتُ الصَّائِمُ يَشَمُّ الرَّيْحَانَ قَالَ لا لأَنَّهُ لَذَّةٌ وَيُكْرَهُ لَهُ أَنْ يَتَلَذَّذَ. 

5. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr from al-Hassan ibn ‘Rashid who has said the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), if a woman because of Hayd (menses) is required to make Qada’ (compensatory) Salat (prayer). He (the Imam) said, ’No, she is not required.’ I then asked about fasting. He (the Imam) said, ‘Yes, she must make Qada’ (compensatory fast for) fasting missed during experiencing Hayd (menses).’ I then asked on what basis it is so.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘The first one who used analogy was Iblis (Satan).’ I then asked, ‘Can a person fasting stay in water?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘Yes, he can do so.’ I then asked, ‘Can he wear wet clothes?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘No, he cannot do so.’ I then asked, ‘On what basis is this?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘It is from that (there is no analogizing in religion)’ I asked, ‘Can a fasting person use sweet basil?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘No, because it is a pleasure which is undesirable to enjoy.’” 

Al-Kāfi - Volume 4

Book 2, Chapter 32