Man Lā Yaḥḍuruh al-Faqīh

5308 - رَوَى اَلْحَسَنُ بْنُ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ مَالِكِ بْنِ عَطِيَّةَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ سَلَمَةَ بْنِ كُهَيْلٍ قَالَ: أُتِيَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ بِرَجُلٍ قَدْ قَتَلَ رَجُلاً خَطَأً فَقَالَ عَلِيٌّ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ "مَنْ عَشِيرَتُكَ وَ قَرَابَتُكَ" فَقَالَ مَا لِي بِهَذِهِ اَلْبَلْدَةِ قَرَابَةٌ وَ لاَ عَشِيرَةٌ فَقَالَ "مِنْ أَهْلِ أَيِّ اَلْبُلْدَانِ أَنْتَ" فَقَالَ أَنَا رَجُلٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ اَلْمَوْصِلِ وُلِدْتُ بِهَا وَ لِي فِيهَا قَرَابَةٌ وَ أَهْلُ بَيْتٍ فَسَأَلَ أَمِيرُ اَلْمُؤْمِنِينَ عَنْهُ فَلَمْ يَجِدْ لَهُ بِالْكُوفَةِ قَرَابَةً وَ لاَ عَشِيرَةً قَالَ فَكَتَبَ إِلَى عَامِلِهِ عَلَى اَلْمَوْصِلِ "أَمَّا بَعْدُ فَإِنَّ فُلاَنَ بْنَ فُلاَنٍ وَ حِلْيَتُهُ كَذَا وَ كَذَا قَتَلَ رَجُلاً مِنَ اَلْمُسْلِمِينَ خَطَأً وَ قَدْ ذَكَرَ أَنَّهُ رَجُلٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ اَلْمَوْصِلِ وَ أَنَّ لَهُ بِهَا قَرَابَةً وَ أَهْلَ بَيْتٍ وَ قَدْ بَعَثْتُ بِهِ إِلَيْكَ مَعَ رَسُولِي فُلاَنِ بْنِ فُلاَنٍ وَ حِلْيَتُهُ كَذَا وَ كَذَا فَإِذَا وَرَدَا عَلَيْكَ إِنْ شَاءَ اَللَّهُ فَقَرَأْتَ كِتَابِي فَافْحَصْ عَنْ أَمْرِهِ وَ سَلْ عَنْ قَرَابَتِهِ مِنَ اَلْمُسْلِمِينَ فَإِنْ كَانَ مِنْ أَهْلِ اَلْمَوْصِلِ مِمَّنْ وُلِدَ بِهَا وَ أَصَبْتَ لَهُ بِهَا قَرَابَةً مِنَ اَلْمُسْلِمِينَ فَاجْمَعْهُمْ إِلَيْكَ ثُمَّ اُنْظُرْ فَإِنْ كَانَ هُنَاكَ رَجُلٌ يَرِثُهُ لَهُ سَهْمٌ فِي اَلْكِتَابِ لاَ يَحْجُبُهُ عَنْ مِيرَاثِهِ أَحَدٌ مِنْ قَرَابَتِهِ فَأَلْزِمْهُ اَلدِّيَةَ وَ خُذْهُ بِهَا فِي ثَلاَثِ سِنِينَ وَ إِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ مِنْ قَرَابَتِهِ أَحَدٌ لَهُ سَهْمٌ فِي اَلْكِتَابِ وَ كَانُوا قَرَابَتَهُ سَوَاءً فِي اَلنَّسَبِ فَفُضَّ اَلدِّيَةَ عَلَى قَرَابَتِهِ مِنْ قِبَلِ أَبِيهِ وَ عَلَى قَرَابَتِهِ مِنْ قِبَلِ أُمِّهِ مِنَ اَلرِّجَالِ اَلْمُدْرِكِينَ اَلْمُسْلِمِينَ ثُمَّ اِجْعَلْ عَلَى قَرَابَتِهِ مِنْ قِبَلِ أَبِيهِ ثُلُثَيِ اَلدِّيَةِ وَ اِجْعَلْ عَلَى قَرَابَتِهِ مِنْ قِبَلِ أُمِّهِ ثُلُثَ اَلدِّيَةِ وَ إِنْ لَمْ تَكُنْ لَهُ قَرَابَةٌ مِنْ أُمِّهِ فَفُضَّ اَلدِّيَةَ عَلَى قَرَابَتِهِ مِنْ قِبَلِ أَبِيهِ مِنَ اَلرِّجَالِ اَلْمُدْرِكِينَ اَلْمُسْلِمِينَ ثُمَّ خُذْهُمْ بِهَا وَ اِسْتَأْدِهِمُ اَلدِّيَةَ فِي ثَلاَثِ سِنِينَ وَ إِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ قَرَابَةٌ مِنْ قِبَلِ أَبِيهِ وَ لاَ قَرَابَةٌ مِنْ قِبَلِ أُمِّهِ فَفُضَّ اَلدِّيَةَ عَلَى أَهْلِ اَلْمَوْصِلِ مِمَّنْ وُلِدَ بِهَا وَ نَشَأَ وَ لاَ تُدْخِلَنَّ فِيهِمْ غَيْرَهُمْ مِنْ أَهْلِ اَلْبُلْدَانِ ثُمَّ اِسْتَأْدِ ذَلِكَ مِنْهُمْ فِي ثَلاَثِ سِنِينَ فِي كُلِّ سَنَةٍ نَجْماً حَتَّى تَسْتَوْفِيَهُ إِنْ شَاءَ اَللَّهُ وَ إِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لِفُلاَنِ بْنِ فُلاَنٍ قَرَابَةٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ اَلْمَوْصِلِ وَ لَمْ يَكُنْ مِنْ أَهْلِهَا وَ كَانَ مُبْطِلاً فَرُدَّهُ إِلَيَّ مَعَ رَسُولِي فُلاَنِ بْنِ فُلاَنٍ إِنْ شَاءَ اَللَّهُ فَأَنَا وَلِيُّهُ وَ اَلْمُودِي عَنْهُ وَ لاَ يُبْطَلُ دَمُ اِمْرِئٍ مُسْلِمٍ ".

Hadith.5308 - Al-Hasan ibn Mahbub narrated from Malik ibn Atiyyah from his father from Salamah ibn Kuhayl who said: A man who had killed another man by mistake was brought to Commander of the Faithful Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as). Imam Ali (as) asked him: "Who are your relatives and kin?" The man replied: "I have no relatives or kin in this town." Imam Ali (as) then asked: "From which town are you?" The man said: "I am a man from Mosul. I was born there and have relatives and family there." Imam Ali (as) inquired about him but found that he had no relatives or kin in Kufa. So, Imam Ali (as) wrote to his governor in Mosul: "After the greeting, so-and-so (mentioning his name and description) has killed a Muslim man by mistake. He claims that he is a man from Mosul and has relatives and family there. I have sent him to you with my messenger (mentioning his name and description). When they arrive, God willing, and you read my letter, investigate his situation and inquire about his Muslim relatives. If he indeed belongs to Mosul, was born there, and you find that he has relatives among the Muslims, gather them together. Then, if there is a man among them who inherits from him with a rightful share in the Book (of Allah (swt)) and is not barred from his inheritance by any other relative, obligate him to pay the blood money (diyyah) over the course of three years. If the deceased has a relative who is entitled to inherit according to the Book (Qur'an), then obligate that heir to pay the blood money (diyyah) over three years. However, if he has no relative entitled to inheritance from his family, and his relatives are equal in lineage, then distribute the blood money (diyyah) equally among his paternal and maternal male relatives who are adults and Muslims. Assign two-thirds of the blood money to his paternal relatives and one-third to his maternal relatives. If he has no maternal relatives, distribute the entire blood money among his paternal male relatives who are adults and Muslims. Collect the blood money from them over three years. If he has neither paternal nor maternal relatives, distribute the blood money among the people of Mosul who were born and raised there, and do not include anyone else from other regions. Collect the amount from them over three years in annual instalments until the full amount is paid, God willing. However, if so-and-so has no relatives in Mosul and is not from its people, and his claim is false, then send him back to me with my messenger, so-and-so, God willing. I am his guardian and responsible for paying his blood money, and the blood of a Muslim cannot be disregarded."

5309 - وَ رَوَى اَلْحَسَنُ بْنُ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ أَبِي وَلاَّدٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: "لَيْسَ بَيْنَ أَهْلِ اَلذِّمَّةِ مُعَاقَلَةٌ فِيمَا يَجْنُونَ مِنْ قَتْلٍ أَوْ جِرَاحَةٍ إِنَّمَا يُؤْخَذُ ذَلِكَ مِنْ أَمْوَالِهِمْ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُمْ مَالٌ رَجَعَتِ اَلْجِنَايَةُ عَلَى إِمَامِ اَلْمُسْلِمِينَ لِأَنَّهُمْ يُؤَدُّونَ إِلَيْهِ اَلْجِزْيَةَ كَمَا يُؤَدِّي اَلْعَبْدُ اَلضَّرِيبَةَ إِلَى سَيِّدِهِ" قَالَ "وَ هُمْ مَمَالِيكُ لِلْإِمَامِ فَمَنْ أَسْلَمَ مِنْهُمْ فَهُوَ حُرٌّ".

Hadith.5309 - Al-Hasan ibn Mahbub narrated from Abu Walad, from Abu Abdullah (as) said: "There is no mutual liability among the People of the Covenant (Ahl Al-Dhimma) regarding crimes they commit, whether it be murder or bodily injury. Such compensation is taken from their wealth. If they have no wealth, the responsibility for the crime returns to the leader of the Muslims because they pay the jizyah tax to him just as a slave pays a tax to his master." Imam (as) further stated: "They are under the authority of the Imam, and whoever among them embraces Islam becomes free."

5310 - وَ رَوَى اَلْحَسَنُ بْنُ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ أَبِي أَيُّوبَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: "كَانَ أَمِيرُ اَلْمُؤْمِنِينَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ يَجْعَلُ جِنَايَةَ اَلْمَعْتُوهِ عَلَى عَاقِلَتِهِ خَطَأً أَوْ عَمْداً".

Hadith.5310 - Al-Hasan ibn Mahbub narrated from Abu Ayyub, from Muhammad ibn Muslim, from Abu Ja'far Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as) said: "Commander of the Faithful (as) would assign the liability for the offense committed by a mentally impaired person (ma'tooh) to his family (Aqilah), whether it was accidental or intentional."

5311 - وَ قَالَ أَمِيرُ اَلْمُؤْمِنِينَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ : "لاَ تَعْقِلُ اَلْعَاقِلَةُ إِلاَّ مَا قَامَتْ عَلَيْهِ اَلْبَيِّنَةُ وَ أَتَاهُ رَجُلٌ فَاعْتَرَفَ عِنْدَهُ فَجَعَلَهُ فِي مَالِهِ خَاصَّةً وَ لَمْ يَجْعَلْ عَلَى عَاقِلَتِهِ مِنْهُ شَيْئاً".

Hadith.5311 - Commander of the Faithful (as) said: "The Aqilah (the male relatives responsible for blood money) is only liable for what has been established by evidence. If a man came to him and confessed (to a crime), he made its compensation from his own wealth specifically and did not place any responsibility on his Aqilah for it."

5312 - وَ رَوَى اَلْحَسَنُ بْنُ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: "لاَ تَضْمَنُ اَلْعَاقِلَةُ عَمْداً وَ لاَ إِقْرَاراً وَ لاَ صُلْحاً".

Hadith.5312 - Al-Hasan ibn Mahbub narrated from Ali ibn Abi Hamzah, from Abu Basir, from Abu Jafar Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as) who said: "The Aqilah (male relatives responsible for blood money) is not liable for intentional acts, nor for confessions, nor for settlements."

5313 - وَ رَوَى اَلْعَلاَءُ عَنْ مُحَمَّدٍ اَلْحَلَبِيِّ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ ضَرَبَ رَأْسَ رَجُلٍ بِمِعْوَلٍ فَسَالَتْ عَيْنَاهُ عَلَى خَدَّيْهِ فَوَثَبَ اَلْمَضْرُوبُ عَلَى ضَارِبِهِ فَقَتَلَهُ فَقَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ "هَذَانِ مُعْتَدِيَانِ جَمِيعاً فَلاَ أَرَى عَلَى اَلَّذِي قَتَلَ اَلرَّجُلَ قَوَداً لِأَنَّهُ قَتَلَهُ حِينَ قَتَلَهُ وَ هُوَ أَعْمَى وَ اَلْأَعْمَى جِنَايَتُهُ خَطَأٌ تُلْزَمُ عَاقِلَتُهُ يُؤْخَذُونَ بِهَا فِي ثَلاَثِ سِنِينَ فِي كُلِّ سَنَةٍ نَجْمٌ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لِلْأَعْمَى عَاقِلَةٌ لَزِمَتْهُ دِيَةُ مَا جَنَى فِي مَالِهِ يُؤْخَذُ بِهَا فِي ثَلاَثِ سِنِينَ وَ يَرْجِعُ اَلْأَعْمَى عَلَى وَرَثَةِ ضَارِبِهِ بِدِيَةِ عَيْنَيْهِ".

Hadith.5313 - Al-Alaʾ narrated from Muhammad Al-Halabi who said: I asked Abu Abdullah (as) about a man who struck another man's head with a pickaxe, causing his eyes to fall onto his cheeks. The injured man then attacked his assailant and killed him. Abu Abdullah (as) said: "Both of them were aggressors. Therefore, I do not see that the one who killed the man should face retaliation because he killed him while he was blind, and the crime of a blind person is considered a mistake. His blood money (diyyah) is the responsibility of his Aqilah (male relatives responsible for blood money), to be paid over three years, with one-third paid each year. If the blind man has no Aqilah, the compensation must be paid from his own wealth over three years. Moreover, the blind man has the right to claim the blood money for his eyes from the heirs of his attacker."