Man Lā Yaḥḍuruh al-Faqīh

رَوَى عُثْمَانُ بْنُ عِيسَى عَنْ سَمَاعَةَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ اَلْأَصَابِعِ هَلْ لِبَعْضِهَا عَلَى بَعْضٍ فَضْلٌ فِي اَلدِّيَةِ قَالَ "هُنَّ سَوَاءٌ فِي اَلدِّيَةِ".

It is narrated by Uthman ibn Isa from Sama'ah from Abu Abdullah Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (a.s) who said: I asked Imam (a.s) about the fingers - whether some of them have more value over others in terms of blood money (diyyah). Imam (a.s) replied: "They are all equal in blood money (diyyah)."

وَ رَوَى عَاصِمُ بْنُ حُمَيْدٍ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ اَلسِّنِّ وَ اَلذِّرَاعِ يُكْسَرَانِ عَمْداً أَ لَهُمَا أَرْشٌ أَوْ قَوَدٌ فَقَالَ "قَوَدٌ" قَالَ قُلْتُ فَإِنْ أَضْعَفُوا لَهُ اَلدِّيَةَ فَقَالَ "إِنْ أَرْضَوْهُ بِمَا شَاءَ فَهُوَ لَهُ".

It is narrated by Asim ibn Humaid from Abu Basir from Abu Abdullah (a.s) who said: I asked Imam (a.s) about a tooth or an arm that is intentionally broken - does it require compensation (financial payment) or is there retaliation (qisas)? Imam (a.s) replied: "Retaliation (qisas)." I asked: "What if they offer him blood money instead?" Imam (a.s) replied: "If he is satisfied with whatever they offer, then it is permissible for him."

وَ فِي رِوَايَةِ اِبْنِ بُكَيْرٍ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: "فِي اَلْإِصْبَعِ عَشْرٌ مِنَ اَلْإِبِلِ إِذَا قُطِعَتْ مِنْ أَصْلِهَا أَوْ شَلَّتْ".

In the narration of Ibn Bukayr from Zurara from Abu Abdullah (a.s), he said: "For each finger, there is a compensation of ten camels if it is cut off from its base or becomes paralyzed."

وَ فِي رِوَايَةِ جَمِيلٍ عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحَدِهِمَا عَلَيْهِمَا اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: فِي سِنِّ اَلصَّبِيِّ يَضْرِبُهَا اَلرَّجُلُ فَتَسْقُطُ ثُمَّ تَنْبُتُ قَالَ "لَيْسَ عَلَيْهِ قِصَاصٌ وَ عَلَيْهِ اَلْأَرْشُ" وَ قَالَ فِي اَلرَّجُلِ تُكْسَرُ يَدُهُ ثُمَّ تَبْرَأُ يَدُهُ قَالَ "لاَ يُقْتَصُّ مِنْهُ وَ لَكِنْ يُعْطَى اَلْأَرْشَ" وَ سُئِلَ جَمِيلٌ كَمِ اَلْأَرْشُ فِي سِنِّ اَلصَّبِيِّ وَ كَسْرِ اَلْيَدِ قَالَ "شَيْءٌ يَسِيرٌ".

In the narration of Jameel from some of our companions from one of the Imams (peace be upon them), that it was reported regarding the tooth of a child that is struck by a man and falls out but later grows back Imam (a.s) said: "There is no retaliation (qisas) upon him, but he must pay compensation (arsh)." Regarding a man whose hand is broken but later heals, Imam (a.s) said: "There is no retaliation against him, but he must pay compensation (arsh)." When Jamil was asked about the amount of compensation for the child's tooth and the broken hand, Imam (a.s) replied: "It is a small amount"

وَ لَمْ يَرْوِ فِيهِ شَيْئاً مَعْلُوماً.

However. Imam (a.s) did not narrate any specific value for it.

وَ رَوَى اِبْنُ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: "أَصَابِعُ اَلْيَدَيْنِ وَ اَلرِّجْلَيْنِ فِي اَلدِّيَةِ سَوَاءٌ" وَ قَالَ "فِي اَلسِّنِّ إِذَا ضُرِبَتِ اُنْتُظِرَ بِهَا سَنَةً فَإِنْ وَقَعَتْ أُغْرِمَ اَلضَّارِبُ خَمْسَمِائَةِ دِرْهَمٍ وَ إِنْ لَمْ تَقَعْ وَ اِسْوَدَّتْ أُغْرِمَ ثُلُثَيْ دِيَتِهَا".

Abu Abdullah Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (a.s) said: "The fingers of the hands and feet are equal in compensation (diyyah)." Imam (a.s) also said: "If a tooth is struck, it should be observed for a year. If it falls out, the striker must pay five hundred dirhams. However, if it does not fall out but turns black, the striker must pay two-thirds of its compensation."

وَ قَضَى أَمِيرُ اَلْمُؤْمِنِينَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ فِي اَلْأَسْنَانِ اَلَّتِي تُقْسَمُ عَلَيْهَا اَلدِّيَةُ أَنَّهَا ثَمَانِي وَ عِشْرُونَ سِنّاً سِتَّةَ عَشَرَ فِي مَوَاخِيرِ اَلْفَمِ وَ اِثْنَا عَشَرَ فِي مَقَادِيمِهِ فَدِيَةُ كُلِّ سِنٍّ مِنَ اَلْمَقَادِيمِ إِذَا كُسِرَ حَتَّى يَذْهَبَ خَمْسُونَ دِينَاراً فَيَكُونُ ذَلِكَ سِتَّمِائَةِ دِينَارٍ وَ دِيَةُ كُلِّ سِنٍّ مِنَ اَلْمَوَاخِيرِ إِذَا كُسِرَ حَتَّى يَذْهَبَ عَلَى اَلنِّصْفِ مِنْ دِيَةِ اَلْمَقَادِيمِ خَمْسَةٌ وَ عِشْرُونَ دِينَاراً فَيَكُونُ ذَلِكَ أَرْبَعَمِائَةِ دِينَارٍ فَذَلِكَ أَلْفُ دِينَارٍ فَمَا نَقَصَ فَلاَ دِيَةَ لَهُ وَ مَا زَادَ فَلاَ دِيَةَ لَهُ".

Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (a.s) ruled regarding the teeth for which blood money (diyyah) is divided that they are twenty-eight in total - sixteen in back of the mouth and twelve in the front. The compensation for each of the front teeth, if broken and completely lost, is fifty dinars, totaling six hundred dinars. The compensation for each of the back teeth, if broken and completely lost, is half the amount of the front teeth, which is twenty-five dinars, totaling four hundred dinars. Altogether, the full compensation for all these teeth is one thousand dinars. Anything less than this has no diyyah, and anything more has no diyyah.

قَالَ مُصَنِّفُ هَذَا الْكِتَابِ رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ إِذَا أُصِيبَتِ الْأَسْنَانُ كُلُّهَا فَمَا زَادَ عَلَى الْخِلْقَةِ الْمُسْتَوِيَةِ وَ هِيَ ثَمَانِي وَ عِشْرُونَ سِنّاً فَلَا دِيَةَ لَهَا وَ إِذَا أُصِيبَتِ الزَّائِدَةُ مُفْرَدَةً عَنْ جَمِيعِهَا فَفِيهَا ثُلُثُ دِيَةِ الَّتِي تَلِيهَا.

The compiler of this book (may Allah (swt) have mercy on him) explains that if all the teeth are damaged, anything beyond the natural set of twenty-eight teeth carries no compensation. However, if an extra tooth is individually damaged apart from the main set, it carries one-third of the compensation of the tooth adjacent to it.

وَ رَوَى اِبْنُ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ رِئَابٍ عَنْ فُضَيْلِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنِ اَلذِّرَاعِ إِذَا ضُرِبَ فَانْكَسَرَ مِنْهُ اَلزَّنْدُ فَقَالَ "إِذَا يَبِسَتْ مِنْهُ اَلْكَفُّ أَوْ شَلَّتْ أَصَابِعُ اَلْكَفِّ كُلُّهَا فَإِنَّ فِيهَا ثُلُثَيْ دِيَةِ اَلْيَدِ" قَالَ "وَ إِنْ شَلَّتْ بَعْضُ اَلْأَصَابِعِ وَ بَقِيَ بَعْضٌ فَإِنَّ فِي كُلِّ إِصْبَعٍ شَلَّتْ ثُلُثَيْ دِيَتِهَا" قَالَ "وَ كَذَلِكَ اَلْحُكْمُ فِي اَلسَّاقِ وَ اَلْقَدَمِ إِذَا شَلَّتْ أَصَابِعُ اَلْقَدَمِ".

Abu Abdullah Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (a.s) was asked about a forearm (the arm below the elbow) that was struck and resulted in the fracture of the wrist bone. Imam (a.s) replied: If the hand becomes paralyzed or all the fingers of the hand become immobile due to the injury, then two-thirds of the blood money (diyyah) of the entire hand is applicable. Imam (a.s) further stated: If only some of the fingers become paralyzed while others remain functional, then for each finger that becomes paralyzed, two-thirds of its individual diyyah is applicable. The same ruling applies to the leg and foot if the toes of the foot become paralyzed.

وَ رَوَى مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى اَلْخَزَّازُ عَنْ غِيَاثِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: "فِي اَلْإِصْبَعِ اَلزَّائِدَةِ إِذَا قُطِعَتْ ثُلُثُ دِيَةِ اَلصَّحِيحَةِ".

Abu Abdullah Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (a.s) said that if an extra (supernumerary) finger is cut off, then one-third of the blood money (diyyah) of a normal finger is applicable.

وَ رَوَى اِبْنُ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ عَمَّارٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: "قَضَى أَمِيرُ اَلْمُؤْمِنِينَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ فِي اَلْجُرْحِ فِي اَلْأَصَابِعِ إِذَا أَوْضَحَ اَلْعَظْمُ عُشْرَ دِيَةِ اَلْإِصْبَعِ إِذَا لَمْ يُرِدِ اَلْمَجْرُوحُ أَنْ يَقْتَصَّ".

Abu Abdullah Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (a.s) said that Commander of the Faithful (a.s) ruled regarding an injury to the fingers that if the wound exposes the bone, then one-tenth of the blood money (diyyah) of that finger is due, provided that the injured person does not wish to seek retaliation (qisas).

وَ رَوَى اِبْنُ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ سَالِمٍ عَنْ زِيَادِ بْنِ سُوقَةَ عَنِ اَلْحَكَمِ بْنِ عُتَيْبَةَ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِأَبِي جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ أَصْلَحَكَ اَللَّهُ إِنَّ بَعْضَ اَلنَّاسِ لَهُ فِي فِيهِ اِثْنَتَانِ وَ ثَلاَثُونَ سِنّاً وَ بَعْضَهُمْ لَهُ ثَمَانِي وَ عِشْرُونَ سِنّاً فَعَلَى كَمْ تُقْسَمُ دِيَةُ اَلْأَسْنَانِ فَقَالَ "اَلْخِلْقَةُ إِنَّمَا هِيَ ثَمَانِي وَ عِشْرُونَ سِنّاً اِثْنَتَا عَشْرَةَ سِنّاً فِي مَقَادِيمِ اَلْفَمِ وَ سِتَّ عَشْرَةَ سِنّاً فِي مَوَاخِيرِهِ فَعَلَى هَذَا قُسِمَتْ دِيَةُ اَلْأَسْنَانِ فَدِيَةُ كُلِّ سِنٍّ مِنَ اَلْمَقَادِيمِ إِذَا كُسِرَ حَتَّى يَذْهَبَ خَمْسُمِائَةِ دِرْهَمٍ وَ هِيَ اِثْنَتَا عَشْرَةَ سِنّاً فَدِيَتُهَا سِتَّةُ آلاَفِ دِرْهَمٍ وَ دِيَةُ كُلِّ سِنٍّ مِنَ اَلْأَضْرَاسِ إِذَا كُسِرَ حَتَّى يَذْهَبَ مِائَتَانِ وَ خَمْسُونَ دِرْهَماً وَ هِيَ سِتَّ عَشْرَةَ سِنّاً فَدِيَتُهَا كُلِّهَا أَرْبَعَةُ آلاَفِ دِرْهَمٍ فَجَمِيعُ دِيَةِ اَلْمَقَادِيمِ وَ اَلْمَوَاخِيرِ مِنَ اَلْأَسْنَانِ عَشَرَةُ آلاَفِ دِرْهَمٍ وَ إِنَّمَا وُضِعَتِ اَلدِّيَةُ عَلَى هَذَا فَمَا زَادَ عَلَى ثَمَانِيَ وَ عِشْرِينَ سِنّاً فَلاَ دِيَةَ لَهُ وَ مَا نَقَصَ فَلاَ دِيَةَ لَهُ" وَ هَكَذَا وَجَدْنَاهُ فِي كِتَابِ أَمِيرِ اَلْمُؤْمِنِينَ قَالَ اَلْحَكَمُ فَقُلْتُ إِنَّ اَلدِّيَاتِ إِنَّمَا كَانَتْ تُؤْخَذُ قَبْلَ اَلْيَوْمِ مِنَ اَلْإِبِلِ وَ اَلْبَقَرِ وَ اَلْغَنَمِ فَقَالَ "إِنَّمَا كَانَ ذَلِكَ فِي اَلْبَوَادِي قَبْلَ اَلْإِسْلاَمِ فَلَمَّا ظَهَرَ اَلْإِسْلاَمُ وَ كَثُرَ اَلْوَرِقُ فِي اَلنَّاسِ قَسَمَهَا أَمِيرُ اَلْمُؤْمِنِينَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَلَى اَلْوَرِقِ" قَالَ اَلْحَكَمُ فَقُلْتُ لَهُ أَ رَأَيْتَ مَنْ كَانَ اَلْيَوْمَ مِنْ أَهْلِ اَلْبَوَادِي مَا اَلَّذِي يُؤْخَذُ مِنْهُ فِي اَلدِّيَةِ اَلْيَوْمَ اَلْوَرِقُ أَوِ اَلْإِبِلُ فَقَالَ "اَلْإِبِلُ هِيَ مِثْلُ اَلْوَرِقِ بَلْ هِيَ أَفْضَلُ مِنَ اَلْوَرِقِ فِي اَلدِّيَةِ إِنَّهُمْ كَانُوا يَأْخُذُونَ مِنْهُمْ فِي دِيَةِ اَلْخَطَإِ مِائَةً مِنَ اَلْإِبِلِ يُحْسَبُ لِكُلِّ بَعِيرٍ مِائَةُ دِرْهَمٍ فَذَلِكَ عَشَرَةُ آلاَفِ دِرْهَمٍ" قُلْتُ فَمَا أَسْنَانُ اَلْمِائَةِ اَلْبَعِيرِ فَقَالَ "مَا حَالَ عَلَيْهَا اَلْحَوْلُ ذُكْرَانٌ كُلُّهَا".

Ibn Mahbub narrated from Hisham ibn Salim, from Ziyad ibn Suqah, from Al-Hakam ibn 'Utaybah, who said: I asked Abu Jafar Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (a.s), "May Allah rectify your affairs. Some people have thirty-two teeth in their mouths, while others have twenty-eight. Upon how many teeth is the diyyah (blood money) calculated?" Imam (a.s) said: "The natural creation consists of twenty-eight teeth - twelve in the front of the mouth and sixteen in the back. The diyyah of the teeth has been distributed based on this. The diyyah for each of the twelve front teeth, if broken and completely lost, is five hundred dirhams, making the total diyyah for them six thousand dirhams. The diyyah for each of the sixteen molars, if broken and completely lost, is two hundred and fifty dirhams, making the total diyyah for them four thousand dirhams. Thus, the total diyyah for both the front and back teeth amounts to ten thousand dirhams. The diyyah has been set according to this calculation, so any extra teeth beyond twenty-eight have no diyyah, nor is there a diyyah for any missing teeth beyond this standard count." And thus, we found it recorded in the book of Commander of the Faithful Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (a.s). Al-Hakam said: I then asked, "Before today, diyyah (blood money) used to be taken from camels, cows, and sheep. What is the ruling on that?" Imam (a.s) said: "That was in the desert communities before Islam. But when Islam became widespread and silver (warq) became abundant among people, Commander of the Faithful Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (a.s), set the diyyah in terms of silver." Al-Hakam continued: I then asked Imam (a.s), "What about those who live in the desert today? What should be taken from them as diyyah - silver or camels?" Imam (a.s) said: "Camels are equivalent to silver, rather, they are even better than silver for diyyah. Indeed, they used to take one hundred camels for unintentional killing (diyat Al-khata'), with each camel being valued at one hundred dirhams, making a total of ten thousand dirhams." I asked: "What are the required ages of the one hundred camels?" Imam (a.s) said: "They should all be male camels that have completed one full year."