Man Lā Yaḥḍuruh al-Faqīh

رَوَى مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ قَالَ قَالَ اِبْنُ أُذَيْنَةَ قُلْتُ لِزُرَارَةَ إِنِّي سَمِعْتُ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ مُسْلِمٍ وَ بُكَيْراً يَرْوِيَانِ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: "فِي زَوْجٍ وَ أَبَوَيْنِ وَ اِبْنَةٍ فَلِلزَّوْجِ اَلرُّبُعُ ثَلاَثَةٌ مِنِ اِثْنَيْ عَشَرَ وَ لِلْأَبَوَيْنِ اَلسُّدُسَانِ أَرْبَعَةٌ مِنِ اِثْنَيْ عَشَرَ وَ بَقِيَ خَمْسَةُ أَسْهُمٍ فَهِيَ لِلاِبْنَةِ لِأَنَّهَا لَوْ كَانَتْ ذَكَراً لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهَا غَيْرُ ذَلِكَ وَ إِنْ كَانَتَا اِبْنَتَيْنِ فَلَيْسَ لَهُمَا غَيْرُ مَا بَقِيَ خَمْسَةٌ".

Muhammad ibn Abi Umayr narrated that Ibn Udhayna said: I said to Zurara, "I heard Muhammad ibn Muslim and Bukayr narrate from Abu Jafar Imam Al-Baqir (a.s): 'In the case of a husband, two parents, and a daughter, the husband receives one-fourth, which is three shares out of twelve, and the two parents each receive one-sixth, totaling four shares out of twelve. The remaining five shares go to the daughter because if she were a son, she would not have received more than that. And if there were two daughters, they would have nothing more than the remaining five shares.'"

قَالَ زُرَارَةُ وَ هَذَا هُوَ الْحَقُّ إِنْ أَرَدْتَ أَنْ تُلْقِيَ الْعَوْلَ فَتَجْعَلَ الْفَرِيضَةَ لَا تَعُولُ وَ إِنَّمَا يَدْخُلُ النُّقْصَانُ عَلَى الَّذِينَ لَهُمُ الزِّيَادَةُ مِنَ الْوَلَدِ وَ الْإِخْوَةِ لِلْأَبِ وَ الْأُمِّ فَأَمَّا الْإِخْوَةُ مِنَ الْأُمِّ فَلَا يُنْقَصُونَ مِمَّا سُمِّيَ لَهُمْ فَإِنْ تَرَكَتِ الْمَرْأَةُ زَوْجَهَا وَ أَبَوَيْهَا وَ ابْناً أَوِ ابْنَيْنِ أَوْ أَكْثَرَ فَلِلزَّوْجِ الرُّبُعُ وَ لِلْأَبَوَيْنِ السُّدُسَانِ وَ مَا بَقِيَ فَلِلْبَنِينَ بَيْنَهُمْ بِالسَّوِيَّةِ وَ إِنْ تَرَكَتْ زَوْجَهَا وَ أَبَوَيْهَا وَ ابْناً وَ ابْنَةً أَوْ بَنِينَ وَ بَنَاتٍ فَلِلزَّوْجِ الرُّبُعُ وَ لِلْأَبَوَيْنِ السُّدُسَانِ وَ مَا بَقِيَ فَلِلْبَنِينَ وَ الْبَنَاتِ لِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِّ الْأُنْثَيَيْنِ.

Zurara said: "This is the correct ruling if you wish to eliminate the concept of awl (increase in the shares that causes a reduction in the total shares). The division of inheritance should be made without introducing awl, and any reduction should only affect those who have been allotted increased shares, such as children and full siblings (brothers and sisters from the same father and mother). However, maternal siblings do not experience any reduction in their shares. So, if a woman dies and leaves behind her husband, both parents, and one son or multiple sons, the husband receives one-fourth, the two parents each receive one-sixth, and whatever remains is distributed equally among the sons. Similarly, if she leaves behind her husband, both parents, a son, and a daughter - or multiple sons and daughters - the husband receives one-fourth, the two parents each receive one-sixth, and the remainder is distributed among the sons and daughters, with the male receiving the share of two females (for the male is like the share of two females)."