Man Lā Yaḥḍuruh al-Faqīh

4883 - رَوَى عُمَرُ بْنُ أُذَيْنَةَ عَنْ بُرَيْدِ بْنِ مُعَاوِيَةَ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنِ اَلْمَفْقُودِ كَيْفَ تَصْنَعُ اِمْرَأَتُهُ قَالَ "مَا سَكَتَتْ عَنْهُ وَ صَبَرَتْ يُخَلَّى عَنْهَا وَ إِنْ هِيَ رَفَعَتْ أَمْرَهَا إِلَى اَلْوَالِي أَجَّلَهَا أَرْبَعَ سِنِينَ ثُمَّ يَكْتُبُ إِلَى اَلصُّقْعِ اَلَّذِي فُقِدَ فِيهِ فَيُسْأَلُ عَنْهُ فَإِنْ خُبِّرَ عَنْهُ بِحَيَاةٍ صَبَرَتْ وَ إِنْ لَمْ يُخْبَرْ عَنْهُ بِحَيَاةٍ حَتَّى تَمْضِيَ اَلْأَرْبَعُ سِنِينَ، دُعِيَ وَلِيُّ اَلزَّوْجِ اَلْمَفْقُودِ فَقِيلَ لَهُ هَلْ لِلْمَفْقُودِ مَالٌ فَإِنْ كَانَ لَهُ مَالٌ أُنْفِقَ عَلَيْهَا حَتَّى تُعْلَمَ حَيَاتُهُ مِنْ مَوْتِهِ وَ إِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ مَالٌ قِيلَ لِلْوَلِيِّ أَنْفِقْ عَلَيْهَا فَإِنْ فَعَلَ فَلاَ سَبِيلَ لَهَا إِلَى أَنْ تَتَزَوَّجَ مَا أَنْفَقَ عَلَيْهَا وَ إِنْ أَبَى أَنْ يُنْفِقَ عَلَيْهَا أَجْبَرَهُ اَلْوَالِي عَلَى أَنْ يُطَلِّقَ تَطْلِيقَةً فِي اِسْتِقْبَالِ اَلْعِدَّةِ وَ هِيَ طَاهِرٌ فَيَصِيرُ طَلاَقُ اَلْوَلِيِّ طَلاَقَ اَلزَّوْجِ فَإِنْ جَاءَ زَوْجُهَا قَبْلَ أَنْ تَنْقَضِيَ عِدَّتُهَا مِنْ يَوْمَ طَلَّقَهَا اَلْوَلِيُّ فَبَدَا لَهُ أَنْ يُرَاجِعَهَا فَهِيَ اِمْرَأَتُهُ وَ هِيَ عِنْدَهُ عَلَى تَطْلِيقَتَيْنِ وَ إِنِ اِنْقَضَتِ اَلْعِدَّةُ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَجِيءَ وَ يُرَاجِعَ فَقَدْ حَلَّتْ لِلْأَزْوَاجِ وَ لاَ سَبِيلَ لِلْأَوَّلِ عَلَيْهَا".

Hadith.4883 - In a narration from Umar ibn Udhayna through Buraid ibn Mu'awiyah, it is reported that he asked Abu Abdullah (as) about the ruling concerning the wife of a missing person. Imam (as) replied: "As long as she remains silent about him and is patient, she should be left as she is. However, if she raises the matter to the authority, the ruler will wait for four years. Then, a letter will be sent to the region where he was lost, inquiring about him. If news of his life is received, she must remain patient. If no information about his life is found after four years, the guardian of the missing husband will be summoned and asked if the missing person has any wealth. If he has wealth, it should be spent on her until his life or death becomes known. If he has no wealth, the guardian will be instructed to provide for her. If he agrees, she cannot remarry as long as he supports her. However, if he refuses to provide for her, the ruler will compel him to issue a divorce while she is in a state of purity. This divorce by the guardian will be considered as a divorce by the husband. If the husband returns before her waiting period ends and wishes to reconcile, she remains his wife and is counted as having two remaining divorces. But if the waiting period ends before his return and reconciliation, she becomes permissible for other men, and the first husband has no claim over her."

4884 - وَ فِي رِوَايَةٍ أُخْرَى: "أَنَّهُ إِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لِلزَّوْجِ وَلِيٌّ طَلَّقَهَا اَلْوَالِي وَ يُشْهِدُ شَاهِدَيْنِ عَدْلَيْنِ فَيَكُونُ طَلاَقُ اَلْوَالِي طَلاَقَ اَلزَّوْجِ وَ تَعْتَدُّ أَرْبَعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ وَ عَشْراً ثُمَّ تَتَزَوَّجُ إِنْ شَاءَتْ".

Hadith.4884 - In another narration, it is reported: "If the missing husband has no guardian, the ruler will pronounce the divorce on his behalf, witnessing it with two just witnesses. This divorce by the ruler will be considered as the husband's divorce. The woman will then observe a waiting period (iddah) of four months and ten days. After completing this period, she may remarry if she wishes."

4885 - وَ رَوَى أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي نَصْرٍ اَلْبَزَنْطِيُّ عَنْ عَبْدِ اَلْكَرِيمِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو اَلْخَثْعَمِيِّ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ وَ مُوسَى بْنِ بَكْرٍ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: "إِذَا نُعِيَ اَلرَّجُلُ إِلَى أَهْلِهِ أَوْ خَبَّرُوهَا أَنَّهُ طَلَّقَهَا فَاعْتَدَّتْ ثُمَّ تَزَوَّجَتْ فَجَاءَ زَوْجُهَا بَعْدُ فَإِنَّ اَلْأَوَّلَ أَحَقُّ بِهَا مِنْ هَذَا اَلْآخَرِ دَخَلَ بِهَا اَلْآخَرُ أَوْ لَمْ يَدْخُلْ وَ لَهَا مِنَ اَلْآخَرِ اَلْمَهْرُ بِمَا اِسْتَحَلَّ مِنْ فَرْجِهَا" وَ زَادَ عَبْدُ اَلْكَرِيمِ فِي حَدِيثِهِ "وَ لَيْسَ لِلْآخَرِ أَنْ يَتَزَوَّجَهَا أَبَداً".

Hadith.4885 - Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Abi Nasr al-Bazanti narrated from Abdul Karim ibn Amr al-Khath'ami from Zurara, and Musa ibn Bakr narrated from Zurara from Abu Ja'far Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as), who said: "If a man is reported dead to his family or they are informed that he has divorced his wife, and she observes her waiting period (iddah) and then remarries, but later her first husband returns, then the first husband has more right to her than the second, whether the second husband consummated the marriage or not. However, the second husband is entitled to the dowry for what he lawfully accessed of her." Abdul Karim added in his narration: "And the second husband can never marry her again."

4886 - وَ رَوَى عَاصِمُ بْنُ حُمَيْدٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ قَيْسٍ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ حَسِبَ أَهْلُهُ أَنَّهُ قَدْ مَاتَ أَوْ قُتِلَ فَنَكَحَتِ اِمْرَأَتُهُ وَ تَزَوَّجَتْ سُرِّيَّتُهُ فَوَلَدَتْ كُلُّ وَاحِدَةٍ مِنْهُمَا مِنْ زَوْجِهَا فَجَاءَ زَوْجُهَا اَلْأَوَّلُ وَ مَوْلَى اَلسُّرِّيَّةِ فَقَالَ "يَأْخُذُ اِمْرَأَتَهُ فَهُوَ أَحَقُّ بِهَا وَ يَأْخُذُ سُرِّيَّتَهُ وَ وَلَدَهَا أَوْ يَأْخُذُ رِضًا مِنْ ثَمَنِهِ".

Hadith.4886 - Asim ibn Humaid narrated from Muhammad ibn Qays who said: I asked Abu Ja'far Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as) about a man whose family believed he had died or been killed, so his wife remarried, and his concubine also married and each bore a child from their respective husbands. Then the first husband and the master of the concubine returned. Abu Ja'far Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as) said: "The first husband has more right to take back his wife, and the master has the right to take back his concubine and her child, or he may accept compensation for their value."

4887 - وَ فِي رِوَايَةِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اَلْحَمِيدِ أَنَّ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: فِي شَاهِدَيْنِ شَهِدَا عِنْدَ اِمْرَأَةٍ بِأَنَّ زَوْجَهَا طَلَّقَهَا فَتَزَوَّجَتْ ثُمَّ جَاءَ زَوْجُهَا قَالَ "يُضْرَبَانِ اَلْحَدَّ وَ يُضَمَّنَانِ اَلصَّدَاقَ لِلزَّوْجِ ثُمَّ تَعْتَدُّ اَلزَّوْجَةُ وَ تَرْجِعُ إِلَى زَوْجِهَا اَلْأَوَّلِ".

Hadith.4887 - In a narration from Ibrahim ibn Abd al-Hamid, it is reported that Abu Abdullah (as) said regarding two witnesses who testified to a woman that her husband had divorced her, leading her to remarry, and then her husband returned. Imam (as) said: "The two witnesses shall be subjected to the prescribed punishment and must compensate the husband for the dowry. The woman must then observe her waiting period (iddah) and return to her first husband."

4888 - وَ رَوَى مُوسَى بْنُ بَكْرٍ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنِ اَلْمَرْأَةِ نُعِيَ إِلَيْهَا زَوْجُهَا فَاعْتَدَّتْ وَ تَزَوَّجَتْ فَجَاءَ زَوْجُهَا اَلْأَوَّلُ فَفَارَقَهَا وَ فَارَقَهَا اَلْآخَرُ كَمْ تَعْتَدُّ لِلنَّاسِ فَقَالَ "ثَلاَثَةَ قُرُوءٍ وَ إِنَّمَا يُسْتَبْرَأُ رَحِمُهَا بِثَلاَثَةِ قُرُوءٍ تُحِلُّهَا لِلنَّاسِ كُلِّهِمْ".

Hadith.4888 - Musa ibn Bakr narrated from Zurara who said: I asked Abu Abdullah (as) about a woman who was informed that her husband had passed away, so she observed her waiting period (iddah) and remarried. Then her first husband returned, leading both her first and second husbands to separate from her. I asked how long she should observe the waiting period for people (before remarrying). Imam (as) said: "Three menstrual cycles (qur). Indeed, her womb is cleared after three menstrual cycles, which makes her lawful for all men."