Man Lā Yaḥḍuruh al-Faqīh

3557 - رَوَى سَعْدُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ عَنْ حَرِيزٍ قَالَ : سَأَلْتُ أَبَا اَلْحَسَنِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ قَالَ لِمَمْلُوكِهِ أَنْتَ حُرٌّ وَ لِي مَالُكَ قَالَ "يَبْدَأُ بِالْمَالِ قَبْلَ اَلْعِتْقِ يَقُولُ لِي مَالُكَ وَ أَنْتَ حُرٌّ بِرِضاً مِنَ اَلْمَمْلُوكِ".

Hadith.3557 - Sa'd ibn Sa'd narrated from Hariz who said: I asked Abu al-Hasan (as) about a man who said to his slave, "You are free, and your wealth belongs to me." Imam (as) said: "He must begin with the wealth before granting freedom, saying, 'Your wealth belongs to me, and you are free,' with the consent of the slave."

3558 - وَ سَأَلَهُ اَلْحَسَنُ اَلصَّيْقَلُ : عَنْ رَجُلٍ قَالَ أَوَّلُ مَمْلُوكٍ أَمْلِكُهُ فَهُوَ حُرٌّ فَأَصَابَ سِتَّةً فَقَالَ "إِنَّمَا كَانَتْ نِيَّتُهُ عَلَى وَاحِدٍ فَلْيَخْتَرْ أَيَّهُمْ شَاءَ فَلْيُعْتِقْهُ".

Hadith.3558 - Al-Hasan al-Sayqal asked about a man who said: "The first slave I acquire will be free." Then he acquired six slaves. Imam (as) said: "His intention was for one. Let him choose whichever one he wishes and set him free."

3559 - وَ رَوَى إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مَهْزِيَارَ عَنْ أَخِيهِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مَهْزِيَارَ قَالَ : كَتَبْتُ إِلَيْهِ أَسْأَلُهُ عَنِ اَلْمَمْلُوكِ يَحْضُرُهُ اَلْمَوْتُ فَيُعْتِقُهُ مَوْلاَهُ فِي تِلْكَ اَلسَّاعَةِ فَيَخْرُجُ مِنَ اَلدُّنْيَا حُرّاً هَلْ لِلْمَوْلَى فِي عِتْقِهِ ذَلِكَ أَجْرٌ أَوْ يَتْرُكُهُ مَمْلُوكاً فَيَكُونُ لَهُ أَجْرٌ إِذَا مَاتَ وَ هُوَ مَمْلُوكٌ لَهُ أَفْضَلُ فَكَتَبَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ "يُتْرَكُ اَلْعَبْدُ مَمْلُوكاً فِي حَالِ مَوْتِهِ فَهُوَ آجَرُ لِمَوْلاَهُ وَ هَذَا اَلْعِتْقُ فِي تِلْكَ اَلسَّاعَةِ لَمْ يَكُنْ نَافِعاً لَهُ".

Hadith.3559 - Ibrahim ibn Mahziyar narrated from his brother, Ali ibn Mahziyar, who said: I wrote to Imam (as) asking about a slave who is near death, and his master frees him at that moment so that he leaves this world as a free man. Does the master earn a reward for freeing him, or is it better to leave him as a slave so that the master gains a greater reward if he dies while still owned? Imam (as) wrote: "It is better for the master to leave the slave as a servant at the time of his death, for this brings more reward to the master. Freeing him in such an hour offers no benefit."

3560 - وَ رَوَى مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عِيسَى اَلْعُبَيْدِيُّ عَنِ اَلْفَضْلِ بْنِ اَلْمُبَارَكِ : أَنَّهُ كَتَبَ إِلَى أَبِي اَلْحَسَنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ فِي رَجُلٍ لَهُ مَمْلُوكٌ فَمَرِضَ أَ يُعْتِقُهُ فِي مَرَضِهِ أَعْظَمُ لِأَجْرِهِ أَوْ يَتْرُكُهُ مَمْلُوكاً فَقَالَ "إِنْ كَانَ فِي مَرَضٍ فَالْعِتْقُ أَفْضَلُ لَهُ لِأَنَّهُ يُعْتِقُ اَللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ بِكُلِّ عُضْوٍ مِنْهُ عُضْواً مِنَ اَلنَّارِ وَ إِنْ كَانَ فِي حَالِ حُضُورِ اَلْمَوْتِ فَيَتْرُكُهُ مَمْلُوكاً أَفْضَلُ لَهُ مِنْ عِتْقِهِ".

Hadith.3560 - Muhammad ibn Isa al-Ubaydi narrated from al-Fadl ibn al-Mubarak: He wrote to Abu al-Hasan Ali ibn Muhammad (as) asking about a man who owns a slave, and the slave becomes ill. Is it better for the man to free him during his illness to gain a greater reward, or to leave him as a servant? Imam (as) replied: "If it is during his illness, then freeing him is better for him because Allah (swt), the Mighty and Majestic, frees a part of the master from the Fire for every part of the slave that is freed. However, if it is at the time of death, then leaving him as a servant is better than freeing him."

3561 - وَ رَوَى مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عِيسَى اَلْعُبَيْدِيُّ عَنِ اَلْفَضْلِ بْنِ اَلْمُبَارَكِ اَلْبَصْرِيِّ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ : قُلْتُ لَهُ جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ اَلرَّجُلُ يَجِبُ عَلَيْهِ عِتْقُ رَقَبَةٍ مُؤْمِنَةٍ فَلاَ يَجِدُهَا كَيْفَ يَصْنَعُ فَقَالَ "عَلَيْكُمْ بِالْأَطْفَالِ فَأَعْتِقُوهُمْ فَإِنْ خَرَجَتْ مُؤْمِنَةً فَذَاكَ وَ إِنْ لَمْ تَخْرُجْ مُؤْمِنَةً فَلَيْسَ عَلَيْكُمْ شَيْءٌ".

Hadith.3561 - Muhammad ibn Isa al-Ubaydi narrated from al-Fadl ibn al-Mubarak al-Basri, from his father, from Abu Abdullah (as): I said to Imam (as): "May I be your ransom, a man is required to free a believing slave, but he cannot find one. What should he do?" Imam (as) replied: "Resort to the children (among slaves) and free them. If they turn out to be believers, then that fulfills the requirement. But if they do not turn out to be believers, then there is no obligation upon you."

3562 - وَ رَوَى مُعَاوِيَةُ بْنُ مَيْسَرَةَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ : سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ اَلرَّجُلِ يَبِيعُ عَبْدَهُ بِنُقْصَانٍ مِنْ ثَمَنِهِ لِيُعْتَقَ فَقَالَ لَهُ اَلْعَبْدُ فِيمَا بَيْنَهُمَا لَكَ عَلَيَّ كَذَا وَ كَذَا أَ لَهُ أَنْ يَأْخُذَهُ مِنْهُ قَالَ "يَأْخُذُهُ مِنْهُ عَفْواً وَ يَسْأَلُهُ إِيَّاهُ فِي عَفْوٍ فَإِنْ أَبَى فَلْيَدَعْهُ".

Hadith.3562 - Muawiyah ibn Maytharah narrated from Abu Abdullah (as): I asked him about a man who sells his slave at a reduced price so that he may be freed, and the slave says to him in private, "I will give you such-and-such amount." Is it permissible for the man to take it from him? Imam (as) replied: "He may take it from him willingly and ask him for it politely. But if the slave refuses, then let him leave it."

3563 - وَ رَوَى اَلسَّكُونِيُّ عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ قَالَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ اَلْحُسَيْنِ عَلَيْهِمَا اَلسَّلاَمُ : فِي مُكَاتَبَةٍ يَطَؤُهَا مَوْلاَهَا فَتَحْبَلُ قَالَ "يَرُدُّ عَلَيْهَا مَهْرَ مِثْلِهَا وَ تَسْعَى فِي قِيمَتِهَا فَإِنْ عَجَزَتْ فَهِيَ مِنْ أُمَّهَاتِ اَلْأَوْلاَدِ".

Hadith.3563 - Al-Sakuni narrated from Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) from his father, Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as) (peace be upon them), who said: "Imam Ali ibn Al-Hussain (as) was asked about a contract-bound female slave (mukatabah) whose master had intercourse with her, and she became pregnant. Imam (as) replied: "He must pay her the equivalent of her dowry, and she must work to pay off her value. If she is unable to do so, then she is considered one of the mothers of children (Umm al-Walad)."

3564 - وَ دَخَلَ اِبْنُ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ اَلْمُكَارِي عَلَى اَلرِّضَا عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ : فَقَالَ لَهُ أَبْلَغَ اَللَّهُ مِنْ قَدْرِكَ أَنْ تَدَّعِيَ مَا يَدَّعِي أَبُوكَ فَقَالَ لَهُ "مَا لَكَ أَطْفَأَ اَللَّهُ نُورَكَ وَ أَدْخَلَ اَلْفَقْرَ بَيْتَكَ أَ مَا عَلِمْتَ أَنَّ اَللَّهَ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى أَوْحَى إِلَى عِمْرَانَ أَنِّي وَاهِبٌ لَكَ ذَكَراً فَوَهَبَ لَهُ مَرْيَمَ وَ وَهَبَ لِمَرْيَمَ عِيسَى ، فَعِيسَى مِنْ مَرْيَمَ وَ مَرْيَمُ مِنْ عِيسَى وَ عِيسَى وَ مَرْيَمُ شَيْءٌ وَاحِدٌ وَ أَنَا مِنْ أَبِي وَ أَبِي مِنِّي وَ أَنَا وَ أَبِي شَيْءٌ وَاحِدٌ " فَقَالَ لَهُ اِبْنُ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ فَأَسْأَلُكَ عَنْ مَسْأَلَةٍ فَقَالَ "لاَ إِخَالُكَ تَقْبَلُ مِنِّي وَ لَسْتَ مِنْ غَنَمِي وَ لَكِنْ هَلُمَّهَا" فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ قَالَ عِنْدَ مَوْتِهِ كُلُّ مَمْلُوكٍ لِي قَدِيمٍ فَهُوَ حُرٌّ لِوَجْهِ اَللَّهِ تَعَالَى فَقَالَ "نَعَمْ إِنَّ اَللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ يَقُولُ: ۝ حَتّٰى عٰادَ كَالْعُرْجُونِ اَلْقَدِيمِ ۝ فَمَا كَانَ مِنْ مَمَالِيكِهِ أَتَى لَهُ سِتَّةُ أَشْهُرٍ فَهُوَ قَدِيمٌ حُرٌّ" قَالَ فَخَرَجَ وَ اِفْتَقَرَ حَتَّى مَاتَ وَ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ مَبِيتُ لَيْلَةٍ لَعَنَهُ اَللَّهُ.

Hadith.3564 - Ibn Abi Sa'id al-Mukari entered upon Imam Ali ibn Musa Ar-Ridha (as) and said to him: "Has Allah (swt) elevated your status to the extent that you claim what your father claims?" The Imam (as) replied: "What is wrong with you? May Allah (swt) extinguish your light and bring poverty into your house! Do you not know that Allah (swt), the Blessed and Exalted, revealed to Imran, 'I will grant you a son,' and then granted him Maryam instead, and granted Maryam, Isa? Isa is from Maryam, and Maryam is from Isa, and Isa and Maryam are one and the same. I am from my father, and my father is from me, and I and my father are one and the same." Then Ibn Abi Sa'id said to Him (as): "Let me ask you a question." The Imam (as) replied: "I do not think you will accept my answer, for you are not from my followers. But go ahead and ask." The man said: "What if someone, upon his deathbed, declares that all his old slaves are free for the sake of Allah (swt)?" The Imam (as) said: "Yes, indeed. Allah (swt), the Exalted, says: 'until it becomes like the old date stalk' (Surah Ya-Sin 36:39) Thus, any of his slaves who have been with him for six months are considered old and are set free." The narrator said that Ibn Abi Sa'id left and fell into poverty until he died, without having a shelter to spend the night in. May Allah (swt) curse him!

3565 - وَ رَوَى اَلْحَسَنُ بْنُ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ سَالِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي اَلْوَرْدِ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ : سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ مَمْلُوكٍ نَصْرَانِيٍّ لِرَجُلٍ مُسْلِمٍ عَلَيْهِ جِزْيَةٌ قَالَ "نَعَمْ إِنَّمَا هُوَ مَالِكُهُ يَفْتَدِيهِ إِذَا أُخِذَ يُؤَدِّي عَنْهُ ".

Hadith.3565 - Al-Hasan ibn Mahbub narrated from Hisham ibn Salim, from Abu al-Ward, who said: I asked Abu Ja'far Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as) about a Christian slave owned by a Muslim man-does the slave have to pay jizyah (tribute tax)? Imam (as) replied: "Yes, because his owner is the one responsible for redeeming him if he is taken, and he (the owner) must pay it on his behalf."