قَالَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: "اَلْعَبْدُ اَلْآبِقُ لاَ تُقْبَلُ لَهُ صَلاَةٌ حَتَّى يَرْجِعَ إِلَى مَوْلاَهُ".
Abu Ja'far Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (a.s), said: "The runaway slave's prayer is not accepted until he returns to his master."
وَ قَالَ اَلصَّادِقُ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: "اَلْمَمْلُوكُ إِذَا هَرَبَ وَ لَمْ يَخْرُجْ مِنْ مِصْرِهِ لَمْ يَكُنْ آبِقاً".
Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (a.s) said: "If a slave runs away but does not leave his city, he is not considered a runaway (abiq)."
وَ رَوَى زَيْدٌ اَلشَّحَّامُ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: أَنَّهُ سُئِلَ عَنْ رَجُلٍ يَتَخَوَّفُ إِبَاقَ مَمْلُوكِهِ أَوْ يَكُونُ اَلْمَمْلُوكُ قَدْ أَبَقَ أَ يُقَيِّدُهُ أَوْ يَجْعَلُ فِي عُنُقِهِ رَايَةً قَالَ "إِنَّمَا هُوَ بِمَنْزِلَةِ بَعِيرٍ يُخَافُ شِرَادُهُ فَإِذَا خِفْتَ ذَلِكَ فَاسْتَوْثِقْ مِنْهُ وَ أَشْبِعْهُ وَ اُكْسُهُ" قُلْتُ وَ كَمْ شِبَعُهُ قَالَ "أَمَّا نَحْنُ نَرْزُقُ عِيَالَنَا مُدَّيْنِ تَمْراً".
Zayd al-Shahham narrated from Abu Abdullah (a.s): He was asked about a man who fears that his slave might run away or that the slave had already run away. Should he restrain him or place a mark on his neck? Imam (a.s) replied: "He is like a camel you fear might escape. If you fear that, secure him properly, feed him well, and clothe him." I asked: "How much is sufficient to fill his hunger?" Imam (a.s) said: "As for us, we provide our dependents with two measures (mudd) of dates."
وَ رَوَى مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ جَارِيَةٍ مُدَبَّرَةٍ أَبَقَتْ مِنْ سَيِّدِهَا سِنِينَ ثُمَّ إِنَّهَا جَاءَتْ بَعْدَ مَا مَاتَ سَيِّدُهَا بِأَوْلاَدٍ وَ مَتَاعٍ كَثِيرٍ وَ شَهِدَ لَهَا شَاهِدَانِ أَنَّ سَيِّدَهَا كَانَ قَدْ دَبَّرَهَا فِي حَيَاتِهِ مِنْ قَبْلِ أَنْ تَأْبِقَ قَالَ "أَرَى أَنَّ جَمِيعَ مَا مَعَهَا لِلْوَرَثَةِ " قُلْتُ وَ لاَ تُعْتَقُ مِنْ ثُلُثِ سَيِّدِهَا قَالَ "لاَ إِنَّهَا أَبَقَتْ عَاصِيَةً لِلَّهِ وَ لِسَيِّدِهَا فَأَبْطَلَ اَلْإِبَاقُ اَلتَّدْبِيرَ".
Muhammad ibn Muslim narrated from Abu Ja'far Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (a.s): I asked him about a bondwoman who was mudadbarah (promised freedom upon the master's death). She ran away from her master for several years and later returned after her master had died. She came back with children and considerable possessions. Two witnesses testified that her master had declared her mudadbarah during his lifetime, before she had run away. Imam (a.s) said: "I see that all the possessions she brought belong to the heirs." I asked: "Would she not be freed from her master's one-third estate?" Imam (a.s) replied: "No, because she fled, disobeying Allah (swt) and her master. Her escape nullified the declaration of tadbir (conditional freedom)."
وَ رَوَى إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: "أَنَّ عَلِيّاً عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ اُخْتُصِمَ إِلَيْهِ فِي رَجُلٍ أَخَذَ عَبْداً آبِقاً وَ كَانَ مَعَهُ ثُمَّ هَرَبَ مِنْهُ قَالَ "يَحْلِفُ بِاللَّهِ اَلَّذِي لاَ إِلَهَ إِلاَّ هُوَ مَا سَلَبَهُ ثِيَابَهُ وَ لاَ شَيْئاً مِمَّا كَانَ عَلَيْهِ وَ لاَ بَاعَهُ وَ لاَ دَاهَنَ فِي إِرْسَالِهِ فَإِذَا حَلَفَ بَرِئَ مِنَ اَلضَّمَانِ" ".
Isma'il ibn Muslim narrated from Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (a.s) from his father, Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (a.s): Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (a.s) was approached with a dispute regarding a man who had captured a runaway slave. The slave had been with him for some time, but later escaped again. Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (a.s) said: "The man must swear by Allah (swt), there is no god but Him, that he did not take the slave's clothes, nor anything that belonged to him, nor did he sell him, nor conspire in his release. If he swears this, he is absolved from liability."
وَ رَوَى غِيَاثُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ اَلدَّارِمِيُّ عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ أَنَّ عَلِيّاً عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: فِي جُعْلِ اَلْآبِقِ "إِنَّ اَلْمُسْلِمَ يُرَدُّ عَلَى اَلْمُسْلِمِ ".
Ghiyath ibn Ibrahim al-Darimi narrated from Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (a.s) from his father, Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (a.s): Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (a.s) said regarding the reward for capturing a runaway slave: "Indeed, the Muslim should be returned to the Muslim."
وَ قَالَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: فِي رَجُلٍ أَخَذَ آبِقاً فَفَرَّ مِنْهُ قَالَ "لَيْسَ عَلَيْهِ شَيْءٌ".
Imam (a.s) said regarding a man who captured a runaway slave and then the slave escaped from him: "There is nothing (no liability) upon him."
وَ رَوَى اَلْحَسَنُ بْنُ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنِ اَلْحَسَنِ بْنِ صَالِحٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ أَصَابَ دَابَّةً قَدْ سُرِقَتْ مِنْ جَارٍ لَهُ فَأَخَذَهَا لِيَأْتِيَهُ بِهَا فَنَفَقَتْ قَالَ "لَيْسَ عَلَيْهِ شَيْءٌ".
Al-Hasan ibn Mahbub narrated from Al-Hasan ibn Salih, from Abu Abdullah (a.s). He said: I asked him about a man who found a stolen animal that belonged to his neighbor, so he took it to return it to him, but the animal died. Imam (a.s) said: "There is nothing (no liability) upon him."
وَ رَوَى عَلِيُّ بْنُ رِئَابٍ عَنْ أَبِي عُبَيْدَةَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: "إِنَّ اَلْعَبْدَ إِذَا أَبَقَ مِنْ مَوَالِيهِ ثُمَّ سَرَقَ لَمْ يُقْطَعْ وَ هُوَ آبِقٌ لِأَنَّهُ بِمَنْزِلَةِ اَلْمُرْتَدِّ عَنِ اَلْإِسْلاَمِ وَ لَكِنْ يُدْعَى إِلَى اَلرُّجُوعِ إِلَى مَوَالِيهِ وَ اَلدُّخُولِ فِي اَلْإِسْلاَمِ فَإِنْ أَبَى أَنْ يَرْجِعَ إِلَى مَوَالِيهِ قُطِعَتْ يَدُهُ بِالسَّرِقَةِ ثُمَّ قُتِلَ وَ اَلْمُرْتَدُّ إِذَا سَرَقَ بِمَنْزِلَتِهِ".
Ali ibn Ri'ab narrated from Abu Ubaydah, from Abu Abdullah (a.s). Imam (a.s) said: "Indeed, if a slave escapes from his masters and then steals, his hand is not cut off while he is a fugitive, because he is like one who has apostatized from Islam. However, he is invited to return to his masters and re-enter Islam. If he refuses to return to his masters, his hand is cut off for the theft, and then he is executed. And the apostate, if he steals, is treated in the same manner."
وَ رَوَى اِبْنُ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ أَبِي حَبِيبٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ اِشْتَرَى مِنْ رَجُلٍ عَبْداً وَ كَانَ عِنْدَهُ عَبْدَانِ فَقَالَ لِلْمُشْتَرِي اِذْهَبْ بِهِمَا فَاخْتَرْ أَحَدَهُمَا وَ رُدَّ اَلْآخَرَ وَ قَدْ قَبَضَ اَلْمَالَ فَذَهَبَ بِهِمَا اَلْمُشْتَرِي فَأَبَقَ أَحَدُهُمَا مِنْ عِنْدِهِ قَالَ "لِيَرُدَّ اَلَّذِي عِنْدَهُ مِنْهُمَا وَ يَقْبِضُ نِصْفَ ثَمَنِ مَا أَعْطَى مِنَ اَلْبَائِعِ وَ يَذْهَبُ فِي طَلَبِ اَلْغُلاَمِ فَإِنْ وَجَدَهُ اِخْتَارَ أَيَّهُمَا شَاءَ وَ رَدَّ اَلْآخَرَ وَ إِنْ لَمْ يَجِدْهُ كَانَ اَلْعَبْدُ بَيْنَهُمَا نِصْفُهُ لِلْبَائِعِ وَ نِصْفُهُ لِلْمُبْتَاعِ".
Ibn Abi Umayr narrated from Abu Habib, from Muhammad ibn Muslim, from Abu Ja'far Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (a.s). He said: "I asked him about a man who bought a slave from another man, and the seller had two slaves. The seller said to the buyer, 'Take them both, then choose one of them and return the other,' and he had already received the payment. The buyer took both slaves, but one of them escaped while in his possession. Imam (a.s) said: 'He should return the one that is with him and reclaim half of the price he paid from the seller. Then, he may search for the escaped slave. If he finds him, he may choose either of them and return the other. But if he does not find him, then the slave that remains will be shared between them-half belonging to the seller and half to the buyer.'"
وَ رُوِيَ عَنْ أَبِي جَمِيلَةَ عَنْ عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي يَعْفُورٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: "اُكْتُبْ لِلْآبِقِ فِي وَرَقَةٍ أَوْ فِي قِرْطَاسٍ: "بِسْمِ اَللّٰهِ اَلرَّحْمٰنِ اَلرَّحِيمِ" يَدُ فُلاَنٍ مَغْلُولَةٌ إِلَى عُنُقِهِ إِذَا أَخْرَجَهَا لَمْ يَكَدْ يَرٰاهٰا وَ مَنْ لَمْ يَجْعَلِ اَللّٰهُ لَهُ نُوراً فَمٰا لَهُ مِنْ نُورٍ ثُمَّ لُفَّهَا ثُمَّ اِجْعَلْهَا بَيْنَ عُودَيْنِ ثُمَّ أَلْقِهَا فِي كَوَّةِ بَيْتٍ مُظْلِمٍ فِي اَلْمَوْضِعِ اَلَّذِي كَانَ يَأْوِي فِيهِ ".
Abu Jameelah narrated from Abdullah ibn Abi Ya'fur, from Abu Abdullah (a.s): "Write for the runaway slave on a piece of paper or parchment: 'In the Name of Allah (swt), the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. The hand of [slave's name] is tied to his neck. If he extends it, he will hardly see it. And whomever Allah (swt) has not granted light, for him there is no light (Surah An-Nur 24:40).' Then wrap it, place it between two sticks, and throw it into a dark corner of the house where he used to stay."
وَ رُوِيَ عَنْ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ عَمَّارٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: "اُدْعُ بِهَذَا اَلدُّعَاءِ لِلْآبِقِ وَ اُكْتُبْهُ فِي وَرَقَةٍ: اَللَّهُمَّ اَلسَّمَاءُ لَكَ وَ اَلْأَرْضُ لَكَ وَ مَا بَيْنَهُمَا لَكَ فَاجْعَلْ مَا بَيْنَهُمَا أَضْيَقَ عَلَى فُلاَنٍ مِنْ جِلْدِ جَمَلٍ حَتَّى تَرُدَّهُ عَلَيَّ وَ تُظْفِرَنِي بِهِ وَ لْيَكُنْ حَوْلَ اَلْكِتَابِ آيَةُ اَلْكُرْسِيِّ مَكْتُوبَةً مُدَوَّرَةً ثُمَّ اِدْفِنْهُ وَ ضَعْ فَوْقَهُ شَيْئاً ثَقِيلاً فِي اَلْمَوْضِعِ اَلَّذِي كَانَ يَأْوِي فِيهِ بِاللَّيْلِ".
Mu'awiyah ibn Ammar narrated from Abu Abdullah (a.s): "Recite this supplication for the runaway slave and write it down on a piece of paper: 'O Allah (swt)! The heavens belong to You, the earth belongs to You, and whatever is between them belongs to You. Make what is between them tighter upon [slave's name] than the skin of a camel, until You return him to me and make me victorious over him.' Then, write Ayat al-Kursi around the paper in a circular manner. Bury it and place something heavy over it in the spot where he used to take shelter at night."
