Man Lā Yaḥḍuruh al-Faqīh

رَوَى سَعْدُ بْنُ طَرِيفٍ عَنِ اَلْأَصْبَغِ بْنِ نُبَاتَةَ قَالَ: قَضَى أَمِيرُ اَلْمُؤْمِنِينَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ فِي رَجُلٍ تَكَفَّلَ بِنَفْسِ رَجُلٍ أَنْ يُحْبَسَ وَ قَالَ لَهُ "اُطْلُبْ صَاحِبَكَ" وَ قَضَى عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ "أَنَّهُ لاَ كَفَالَةَ فِي حَدٍّ".

Sa'd ibn Tarif narrated from Al-Asbagh ibn Nubatah: "Commander of the Faithful Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (a.s) ruled in the case of a man who guaranteed the presence of another man that he should be detained, and Imam (a.s) said to him, "Seek your companion." And Imam (a.s) ruled: 'There is no guarantee (kafalah) in matters involving prescribed punishments (hudud).'"

وَ قَالَ اَلصَّادِقُ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ لِأَبِي اَلْعَبَّاسِ اَلْفَضْلِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اَلْمَلِكِ "مَا مَنَعَكَ مِنَ اَلْحَجِّ" قَالَ كَفَالَةٌ تَكَفَّلْتُ بِهَا قَالَ "مَا لَكَ وَ لِلْكَفَالاَتِ أَ مَا عَلِمْتَ أَنَّ اَلْكَفَالَةَ هِيَ اَلَّتِي أَهْلَكَتِ اَلْقُرُونَ اَلْأُولَى ".

Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (a.s) said to Abu al-Abbas al-Fadl ibn Abd al-Malik: "What has prevented you from performing Hajj?" He replied: "A guarantee (kafalah) that I undertook." The Imam (a.s) said: "What do you have to do with guarantees? Do you not know that guarantees were what destroyed the earlier generations?"

وَ رُوِيَ عَنِ اَلْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِأَبِي اَلْحَسَنِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ قَوْلُ اَلنَّاسِ اَلضَّامِنُ غَارِمٌ فَقَالَ "لَيْسَ عَلَى اَلضَّامِنِ غُرْمٌ إِنَّمَا اَلْغُرْمُ عَلَى مَنْ أَكَلَ اَلْمَالَ".

It is narrated from Al-Husayn ibn Khalid who said: I said to Abu al-Hasan (a.s), "May I be your ransom! People say, 'The guarantor (al-damin) is liable (gharim).'" Imam (a.s) replied: "There is no liability (ghurm) upon the guarantor. The liability is upon the one who consumed the wealth."

وَ رَوَى دَاوُدُ بْنُ اَلْحُصَيْنِ عَنْ أَبِي اَلْعَبَّاسِ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ اَلرَّجُلِ يَتَكَفَّلُ بِنَفْسِ اَلرَّجُلِ إِلَى أَجَلٍ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَأْتِ بِهِ فَعَلَيْهِ كَذَا وَ كَذَا دِرْهَماً قَالَ "إِنْ جَاءَ بِهِ إِلَى اَلْأَجَلِ فَلَيْسَ عَلَيْهِ مَا قَالَ وَ هُوَ كَفِيلٌ بِنَفْسِهِ أَبَداً إِلاَّ أَنْ يَبْدَأَ بِالدَّرَاهِمِ فَإِنْ بَدَأَ بِالدَّرَاهِمِ فَهُوَ لَهَا ضَامِنٌ إِنْ لَمْ يَأْتِ بِهِ إِلَى اَلْأَجَلِ اَلَّذِي أَجَّلَهُ".

It is narrated from Dawud ibn al-Husayn, from Abu al-Abbas, from Abu Abdullah (a.s): I asked him about a man who guarantees (takes responsibility for) another man's presence until a specified time, and if he does not bring him, he will owe such-and-such amount of dirhams. Imam (a.s) said: "If he brings him by the specified time, then he is not liable for what he mentioned, and he remains a guarantor for his presence indefinitely unless he begins with the dirhams. If he begins with the dirhams, then he is liable for them if he does not bring him by the specified time he had set."

وَ - سَأَلَ دَاوُدُ بْنُ سِرْحَانَ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: عَنِ اَلْكَفِيلِ وَ اَلرَّهْنِ فِي بَيْعِ اَلنَّسِيئَةِ قَالَ "لاَ بَأْسَ".

Dawud ibn Sirhan asked Abu Abdullah (a.s): About a guarantor (kafil) and a pledge (rahn) in a deferred sale (bay' al-nasi'ah). Imam (a.s) said: "There is no harm in it."

وَ قَالَ اَلصَّادِقُ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: "اَلْكَفَالَةُ خَسَارَةٌ غَرَامَةٌ نَدَامَةٌ".

Abu Abdullah Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (a.s) said: "Guarantorship (kafalah) is loss, liability, and regret."

رَوَى غِيَاثُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ آبَائِهِ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: فِي رَجُلَيْنِ بَيْنَهُمَا مَالٌ مِنْهُ بِأَيْدِيهِمَا وَ مِنْهُ غَائِبٌ عَنْهُمَا فَاقْتَسَمَا اَلَّذِي بِأَيْدِيهِمَا وَ أَحَالَ كُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا بِنَصِيبِهِ فَقَبَضَ أَحَدُهُمَا وَ لَمْ يَقْبِضِ اَلْآخَرُ فَقَالَ "مَا قَبَضَ أَحَدُهُمَا فَهُوَ بَيْنَهُمَا وَ مَا ذَهَبَ فَهُوَ بَيْنَهُمَا".

Ghiyath ibn Ibrahim narrated from Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (a.s) from his father, Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (a.s), from his forefathers, from Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (a.s): Regarding two men who share property-some of it is in their possession, and some is absent-so they divide what is in their possession, and each one assigns his share. One of them collects his share, but the other does not collect his share. Imam Ali (a.s) said: "Whatever is collected by one of them is shared between them, and whatever is lost is also shared between them."

وَ رُوِيَ: "أَنَّهُ اُحْتُضِرَ عَبْدُ اَللَّهِ بْنُ اَلْحَسَنِ فَاجْتَمَعَ إِلَيْهِ غُرَمَاؤُهُ فَطَالَبُوهُ بِدَيْنٍ لَهُمْ فَقَالَ مَا عِنْدِي مَا أُعْطِيكُمْ وَ لَكِنِ اِرْضَوْا بِمَنْ شِئْتُمْ مِنْ أَخِي وَ بَنِي عَمِّي عَلِيِّ بْنِ اَلْحُسَيْنِ أَوْ عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ فَقَالَ اَلْغُرَمَاءُ أَمَّا عَبْدُ اَللَّهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ فَمَلِيٌّ مَطُولٌ وَ أَمَّا عَلِيُّ بْنُ اَلْحُسَيْنِ فَرَجُلٌ لاَ مَالَ لَهُ صَدُوقٌ وَ هُوَ أَحَبُّهُمَا إِلَيْنَا فَأَرْسَلَ إِلَيْهِ فَأَخْبَرَهُ اَلْخَبَرَ فَقَالَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ "أَضْمَنُ لَكُمُ اَلْمَالَ إِلَى غَلَّةٍ" وَ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ غَلَّةٌ فَقَالَ اَلْقَوْمُ قَدْ رَضِينَا فَضَمِنَهُ فَلَمَّا أَتَتِ اَلْغَلَّةُ أَتَاحَ اَللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ لَهُ اَلْمَالَ فَأَدَّاهُ".

It is narrated: When Abdullah ibn al-Hasan was on his deathbed, his creditors gathered around him and demanded repayment of their debts. He replied: "I do not have anything to give you, but accept as your guarantor whomever you wish from my brother and my cousins- Imam Ali ibn al-Husayn (a.s) or Abdullah ibn Ja'far." The creditors said: "As for Abdullah ibn Ja'far, he is wealthy but delays payments, and as for Imam Ali ibn al-Husayn (a.s), he has no wealth, but he is truthful, and he is the most beloved of the two to us." So, they sent for Imam Ali ibn al-Husayn (a.s) and informed him of the situation. Imam (a.s) said: "I will guarantee your payment until the harvest comes," though he did not have any harvest. The creditors agreed, and he guaranteed the payment. When the harvest came, Allah (swt) Almighty provided him with the means, and he repaid the debts.

وَ- سَأَلَ أَبُو أَيُّوبَ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يُحِيلُ الرَّجُلَ بِالْمَالِ أَ يَرْجِعُ عَلَيْهِ قَالَ لَا يَرْجِعُ عَلَيْهِ أَبَداً إِلَّا أَنْ يَكُونَ قَدْ أَفْلَسَ قَبْلَ ذَلِكَ.

Abu Ayyub asked Abu Abdullah (a.s) about a man who transfers a debt to another man (through a payment order or promissory note). Does the original debtor still remain liable for the payment? Imam (a.s) replied: "No, he does not return to him (for payment) at all, except if the one to whom the debt was transferred had already declared bankruptcy before the transfer."

وَ رَوَى اَلْبَزَنْطِيُّ عَنْ دَاوُدَ بْنِ سِرْحَانَ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ كَانَتْ لَهُ عِنْدَ رَجُلٍ دَنَانِيرُ فَأَحَالَ لَهُ عَلَى رَجُلٍ آخَرَ بِدَنَانِيرِهِ فَيَأْخُذُ بِهَا دَرَاهِمَ أَ يَجُوزُ ذَلِكَ قَالَ "نَعَمْ".

Al-Bazanti narrated from Dawood bin Sirhan, who said: I asked Abu Abdullah (a.s) about a man who had dinars owed to him by another man, and the debtor transferred the payment obligation to a third man in exchange for dirhams instead of dinars. Is this permissible? Imam (a.s) replied: "Yes, it is permissible."