Man Lā Yaḥḍuruh al-Faqīh

رَوَى مُعَاوِيَةُ بْنُ عَمَّارٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «اَلْمَحْصُورُ غَيْرُ اَلْمَصْدُودِ» وَ قَالَ «اَلْمَحْصُورُ هُوَ اَلْمَرِيضُ وَ اَلْمَصْدُودُ هُوَ اَلَّذِي يَرُدُّهُ اَلْمُشْرِكُونَ كَمَا رَدُّوا رَسُولَ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ وَ أَصْحَابَهُ لَيْسَ مِنْ مَرَضٍ وَ اَلْمَصْدُودُ تَحِلُّ لَهُ اَلنِّسَاءُ وَ اَلْمَحْصُورُ لاَ تَحِلُّ لَهُ اَلنِّسَاءُ ».

Muawiyah ibn Ammar narrated from Abu Abdullah (a.s) that he said: "The Mahsur (prevented) is not the same as the Masdood (barred)." Imam (a.s) further said: "Mahsur refers to the sick person, while Masdood refers to one who is prevented by the polytheists, as they prevented the Messenger of Allah (swt) (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) and his companions, not due to illness. The Masdood is permitted to engage with women, but the Mahsur is not permitted to engage with women."

وإذا قرن الرجل الحج والعمرة فاحصر بعث هديا مع هديه ولا يحل حتى يبلغ الهدي محله، فإذا بلغ محله أحل وانصرف إلى منزله وعليه الحج من قابل ولا يقرب النساء، وإذا بعث بهديه مع أصحابه فعليه أن يعدهم لذلك يوما فإذا كان ذلك اليوم فقد وفى فإن اختلفوا في الميعاد لم يضره إن شاء الله تعالى.

When a man combines Hajj and Umrah and is prevented (Ihsar), he should send a sacrificial animal along with his companions' animals, and he is not permitted to exit the state of Ihram until the sacrificial animal reaches its destination. Once the sacrificial animal reaches its place, he exits Ihram and returns to his home, but Hajj remains obligatory for him in the following year, and he must avoid engaging with women. If he sends his sacrificial animal with his companions, he must agree with them on a specific day for its slaughter. On that day, his obligation will be fulfilled. If there is a disagreement regarding the appointed time, it does not harm him, God willing.

وَ قَالَ اَلصَّادِقُ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: «اَلْمَحْصُورُ وَ اَلْمُضْطَرُّ يَنْحَرَانِ بَدَنَتَيْهِمَا فِي اَلْمَكَانِ اَلَّذِي يُضْطَرَّانِ فِيهِ ».

Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (a.s) said: "The Mahsur (prevented) and the Mudtarr (compelled) should slaughter their sacrificial camels in the place where they are compelled to stop."

وَ رَوَى مُعَاوِيَةُ بْنُ عَمَّارٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: فِي اَلْمَحْصُورِ وَ لَمْ يَسُقِ اَلْهَدْيَ قَالَ «يَنْسُكُ وَ يَرْجِعُ» قِيلَ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَجِدْ هَدْياً قَالَ «يَصُومُ ».

Muawiyah ibn Ammar narrated from Abu Abdullah (a.s) regarding the Mahsur (prevented) who did not bring a sacrificial animal. Imam (a.s) said: "He performs his rites and returns." It was asked: "What if he cannot find a sacrificial animal?" Imam (a.s) said: "He should fast."

وإذا تمتع رجل بالعمرة إلى الحج فحبسه سلطان جائر بمكة فلم يطلق عنه إلى يوم النحر فإن عليه أن يلحق الناس بجمع، ثم ينصرف إلى منى فيرمي ويذبح ويحلق ولا شئ عليه، فإن خلي عنه يوم النحر فهو مصدود عن الحج إن كان دخل مكة متمتعا بالعمرة إلى الحج فليطف بالبيت أسبوعا ويسعى أسبوعا ويحلق رأسه ويذبح شاة، وإن كان دخل مكة مفردا للحج فليس عليه ذبح ولا شئ عليه.

If a man performs Tamattu' (Umrah followed by Hajj) and is detained by an unjust ruler in Mecca until the Day of Sacrifice, he must join the people at Muzdalifah, then proceed to Mina to throw the stones, slaughter, and shave his head, and there is nothing else upon him. If he is released on the Day of Sacrifice, he is considered Masdood (barred) from Hajj. If he entered Mecca for Tamattu', he should perform seven circumambulations of the Kaaba, seven rounds of Sa’i, shave his head, and slaughter a sheep. If he entered Mecca intending Ifrad (Hajj alone), no slaughter is required, and there is no other obligation upon him.

وَ رَوَى رِفَاعَةُ بْنُ مُوسَى عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: «خَرَجَ اَلْحُسَيْنُ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ مُعْتَمِراً وَ قَدْ سَاقَ بَدَنَةً حَتَّى اِنْتَهَى إِلَى اَلسُّقْيَا فَبُرْسِمَ فَحَلَقَ رَأْسَهُ وَ نَحَرَهَا مَكَانَهُ ثُمَّ أَقْبَلَ حَتَّى جَاءَ فَضَرَبَ اَلْبَابَ فَقَالَ عَلِيٌّ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ « اِبْنِي وَ رَبِّ اَلْكَعْبَةِ اِفْتَحُوا لَهُ» وَ كَانُوا قَدْ حَمُّوا لَهُ اَلْمَاءَ فَأَكَبَّ عَلَيْهِ فَشَرِبَ ثُمَّ اِعْتَمَرَ بَعْدُ ».

Rifa'ah ibn Musa narrated from Abu Abdullah (a.s): "Imam Hussain (a.s) set out for Umrah and had brought along a sacrificial camel. When he reached Al-Suqya, he became ill and shaved his head and slaughtered the camel at that place. Then he proceeded until he arrived at home, knocked on the door, and Imam Ali (a.s) said, 'By the Lord (azj) of the Kaaba, it is my son. Open the door for him.' They had heated water for him, and he leaned over, drank from it, and later performed Umrah."

والمحصور لا تحل له النساء حتى يطوف بالبيت ويسعى بن الصفا والمروة. والقارن إذا احصر وقد اشترط وقال: فحلني حيث حبستني فلا يبعث بهديه ولا يتمتع من قابل ولكن يدخل في مثل ما خرج منه.

The Mahsur (prevented) is not permitted to engage with women until he has performed Tawaf of the Kaaba and Sa’i between Safa and Marwah. As for the Qarin (one performing both Hajj and Umrah together) who is prevented and has made a condition in his Ihram, saying, "Release me where I am prevented," he does not need to send his sacrificial animal nor perform Tamattu' in the following year. Instead, he must enter into the same state of Ihram from which he was released.

وَ سَأَلَ حَمْزَةُ بْنُ حُمْرَانَ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: عَنِ اَلَّذِي يَقُولُ حُلَّنِي حَيْثُ حَبَسْتَنِي فَقَالَ «هُوَ حِلٌّ حَيْثُ حَبَسَهُ اَللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ قَالَ أَ وَ لَمْ يَقُلْ وَ لاَ يُسْقِطُ اَلاِشْتِرَاطُ عَنْهُ اَلْحَجَّ مِنْ قَابِلٍ ».

Hamzah ibn Humran asked Abu Abdullah (a.s) about the one who says, "Release me where You have prevented me." Imam (a.s) replied: "He is released where Allah (swt), the Mighty and Majestic, has prevented him." Then Imam (a.s) added: "Doesn't he say that? However, making this condition does not exempt him from performing Hajj the following year."