Man Lā Yaḥḍuruh al-Faqīh

رُوِيَ عَنِ اَلْأَئِمَّةِ عَلَيْهِمُ اَلسَّلاَمُ : «أَنَّ اَلْمُتَمَتِّعَ إِذَا وَجَدَ اَلْهَدْيَ وَ لَمْ يَجِدِ اَلثَّمَنَ صَامَ ثَلاَثَةَ أَيَّامٍ فِي اَلْحَجِّ يَوْماً قَبْلَ اَلتَّرْوِيَةِ وَ يَوْمَ اَلتَّرْوِيَةِ وَ يَوْمَ عَرَفَةَ وَ سَبْعَةَ أَيَّامٍ إِذَا رَجَعَ إِلَى أَهْلِهِ «تِلْكَ عَشَرَةٌ كٰامِلَةٌ» لِجَزَاءِ اَلْهَدْيِ فَإِنْ فَاتَهُ صَوْمُ هَذِهِ اَلثَّلاَثَةِ اَلْأَيَّامِ تَسَحَّرَ لَيْلَةَ اَلْحَصْبَةِ وَ هِيَ لَيْلَةُ اَلنَّفْرِ وَ أَصْبَحَ صَائِماً وَ صَامَ يَوْمَيْنِ مِنْ بَعْدُ فَإِنْ فَاتَهُ صَوْمُ هَذِهِ اَلثَّلاَثَةِ اَلْأَيَّامِ حَتَّى يَخْرُجَ وَ لَيْسَ لَهُ مُقَامٌ صَامَ هَذِهِ اَلثَّلاَثَةَ فِي اَلطَّرِيقِ إِنْ شَاءَ وَ إِنْ شَاءَ صَامَ اَلْعَشَرَةَ فِي أَهْلِهِ وَ يَفْصِلُ بَيْنَ اَلثَّلاَثَةِ وَ اَلسَّبْعَةِ بِيَوْمٍ وَ إِنْ شَاءَ صَامَهَا مُتَتَابِعَةً وَ لاَ يَجُوزُ لَهُ أَنْ يَصُومَ أَيَّامَ اَلتَّشْرِيقِ فَإِنَّ اَلنَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ بَعَثَ بُدَيْلَ بْنَ وَرْقَاءَ اَلْخُزَاعِيَّ عَلَى جَمَلٍ أَوْرَقَ فَأَمَرَهُ أَنْ يَتَخَلَّلَ اَلْفَسَاطِيطَ وَ يُنَادِيَ فِي اَلنَّاسِ أَيَّامَ مِنًى «أَلاَ لاَ تَصُومُوا فَإِنَّهَا أَيَّامُ أَكْلٍ وَ شُرْبٍ وَ بِعَالٍ » وَ مَنْ جَهِلَ صِيَامَ ثَلاَثَةِ أَيَّامٍ فِي اَلْحَجِّ صَامَهَا بِمَكَّةَ إِنْ أَقَامَ جَمَّالُهُ وَ إِنْ لَمْ يُقِمْ صَامَهَا فِي اَلطَّرِيقِ أَوْ بِالْمَدِينَةِ إِنْ شَاءَ فَإِذَا رَجَعَ إِلَى أَهْلِهِ صَامَ اَلسَّبْعَةَ اَلْأَيَّامِ فَإِذَا مَاتَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَرْجِعَ إِلَى أَهْلِهِ وَ يَصُومَ اَلسَّبْعَةَ فَلَيْسَ عَلَى وَلِيِّهِ اَلْقَضَاءُ ».

It is narrated from the Imams (as): "If the Mutamatti' (pilgrim performing Hajj Tamattu') finds the sacrificial animal but cannot afford its price, he must fast for three days during Hajj—one day before the Day of Tarwiyah, the Day of Tarwiyah itself, and the Day of Arafah—and seven days when he returns to his family, as stated in the Quran: 'That is ten complete days' (Surah Al-Baqarah 2:196), as a compensation for the hady (sacrificial animal). If he misses fasting these three days, he should partake in the pre-dawn meal on the night of al-Hasbah (the night of departure) and begin fasting in the morning, then complete the fast for two additional days afterward. If he misses fasting these three days until he departs and cannot stay, he may fast the three days while on the journey if he wishes, or he may fast all ten days when he reaches his family. He should separate the three days from the seven by one day, although fasting them consecutively is also permissible. However, he is not allowed to fast during the Days of Tashriq, for the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) sent Budayl ibn Warqa' al-Khuza'i on a gray camel to go through the tents and announce to the people in Mina: 'Beware, do not fast during these days, for they are days of eating, drinking, and marital relations.' If someone is unaware of the obligation to fast the three days during Hajj, he may fast them in Mecca if his camel driver stays, and if not, he may fast them on the way or in Medina if he wishes. When he returns to his family, he must fast the seven days. If he dies before returning to his family and fasting the seven days, there is no obligation upon his guardian to make them up."

3097 - وَ رَوَى صَفْوَانُ عَنْ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ عَمَّارٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ : «مَنْ مَاتَ وَ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ هَدْيٌ لِمُتْعَتِهِ فَلْيَصُمْ عَنْهُ وَلِيُّهُ.

Hadith.3097 - Safwan narrated from Muawiyah ibn Ammar, from Abu Abdullah (as), who said: "If a person dies and does not have a hady (sacrificial animal) for his Tamattu', his guardian should fast on his behalf."

3098 - وَ رُوِيَ عَنِ اِبْنِ مُسْكَانَ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ قَالَ : سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ تَمَتَّعَ فَلَمْ يَجِدْ مَا يُهْدِي فَصَامَ ثَلاَثَةَ أَيَّامٍ فَلَمَّا قَضَى نُسُكَهُ بَدَا لَهُ أَنْ يُقِيمَ سَنَةً قَالَ «فَلْيَنْظُرْ مَنْهَلَ أَهْلِ بَلَدِهِ فَإِذَا ظَنَّ أَنَّهُمْ قَدْ دَخَلُوا بَلَدَهُمْ فَلْيَصُمِ اَلسَّبْعَةَ اَلْأَيَّامِ ».

Hadith.3098 - It is narrated from Ibn Muskan, from Abu Basir, who said: I asked him about a man who performed Tamattu' but could not afford a sacrificial animal, so he fasted three days. After completing his rites, he decided to stay for a year. Imam (as) said: "Let him estimate when the people of his hometown are likely to have returned to their homes, and when he assumes they have arrived, he should fast the seven days."

3100 - وَ قَدْ رَوَى زُرَارَةُ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ أَنَّهُ قَالَ : «مَنْ لَمْ يَجِدْ ثَمَنَ اَلْهَدْيِ فَأَحَبَّ أَنْ يَصُومَ اَلثَّلاَثَةَ اَلْأَيَّامِ فِي اَلْعَشْرِ اَلْأَوَاخِرِ فَلاَ بَأْسَ بِذَلِكَ ».

Hadith.3100 - Zurara narrated from Abu Abdullah (as) that he said: "If someone cannot afford the price of a sacrificial animal and wishes to fast the three days during the last ten days (of Dhul-Hijjah), there is no harm in that."

3099 - وَ فِي رِوَايَةِ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ عَمَّارٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ : «أَنَّهُ إِنْ كَانَ لَهُ مُقَامٌ بِمَكَّةَ فَأَرَادَ أَنْ يَصُومَ اَلسَّبْعَةَ تَرَكَ اَلصِّيَامَ بِقَدْرِ سَيْرِهِ إِلَى أَهْلِهِ أَوْ شَهْراً ثُمَّ صَامَ ».

Hadith.3099 - In a narration from Muawiyah ibn Ammar, from Abu Abdullah (as): "If a person resides in Mecca and wishes to fast the seven days, he should delay the fast for a period equivalent to the time it would take to travel to his family or for a month, and then begin fasting."

3101 - وَ سَأَلَ يَحْيَى اَلْأَزْرَقُ أَبَا إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ : عَنْ رَجُلٍ دَخَلَ يَوْمَ اَلتَّرْوِيَةِ مُتَمَتِّعاً وَ لَيْسَ لَهُ هَدْيٌ فَصَامَ يَوْمَ اَلتَّرْوِيَةِ وَ يَوْمَ عَرَفَةَ فَقَالَ «يَصُومُ يَوْماً آخَرَ بَعْدَ أَيَّامِ اَلتَّشْرِيقِ بِيَوْمٍ » قَالَ وَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ مُتَمَتِّعٍ كَانَ مَعَهُ ثَمَنُ هَدْيٍ وَ هُوَ يَجِدُ بِمِثْلِ اَلَّذِي مَعَهُ هَدْياً فَلَمْ يَزَلْ يَتَوَانَى وَ يُؤَخِّرُ ذَلِكَ حَتَّى كَانَ آخِرُ أَيَّامِ اَلتَّشْرِيقِ وَ غَلَتِ اَلْغَنَمُ فَلَمْ يَقْدِرْ أَنْ يَشْتَرِيَ بِالَّذِي مَعَهُ هَدْياً قَالَ «يَصُومُ ثَلاَثَةَ أَيَّامٍ بَعْدَ أَيَّامِ اَلتَّشْرِيقِ ».

Hadith.3101 - Yahya al-Azraq asked Abu Ibrahim (as) about a man who entered into Ihram for Tamattu' on the Day of Tarwiyah and did not have a sacrificial animal, so he fasted on the Day of Tarwiyah and the Day of Arafah. Imam (as) said: "He should fast one more day after the Days of Tashriq." He also asked him about a Mutamatti' who had the means to buy a sacrificial animal and found one available at the price he could afford but kept delaying until the last day of Tashriq, at which point the price of sheep increased, and he could no longer buy one with what he had. Imam (as) said: "He should fast three days after the Days of Tashriq."

3102 - وَ رَوَى عَبْدُ اَلرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ أَعْيَنَ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ : «اَلصَّبِيُّ يَصُومُ عَنْهُ وَلِيُّهُ إِذَا لَمْ يَجِدْ هَدْياً ».

Hadith.3102 - Abdul Rahman ibn Ayan narrated from Abu Ja'far (as), who said: "A guardian should fast on behalf of a child if the child does not have a sacrificial animal."

3103 - وَ رُوِيَ عَنْ عِمْرَانَ اَلْحَلَبِيِّ أَنَّهُ قَالَ : سُئِلَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ نَسِيَ أَنْ يَصُومَ اَلثَّلاَثَةَ اَلْأَيَّامِ اَلَّتِي عَلَى اَلْمُتَمَتِّعِ إِذَا لَمْ يَجِدِ اَلْهَدْيَ حَتَّى يَقْدَمَ إِلَى أَهْلِهِ قَالَ «يَبْعَثُ بِدَمٍ ».

Hadith.3103 - It is narrated from Imran al-Halabi that Abu Abdullah (as) was asked about a man who forgot to fast the three days required of the Mutamatti' if he could not find a sacrificial animal, until he returned to his family. Imam (as) said: "He should send a sacrificial animal (as compensation)."