Man Lā Yaḥḍuruh al-Faqīh

1973 - رَوَى يَحْيَى بْنُ أَبِي اَلْعَلاَءِ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: «اَلصَّائِمُ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ فِي اَلسَّفَرِ كَالْمُفْطِرِ فِيهِ فِي اَلْحَضَرِ» ثُمَّ قَالَ «إِنَّ رَجُلاً أَتَى رَسُولَ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اَللَّهِ أَصُومُ شَهْرَ رَمَضَانَ فِي اَلسَّفَرِ فَقَالَ «لاَ» فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اَللَّهِ إِنَّهُ عَلَيَّ يَسِيرٌ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ «إِنَّ اَللَّهَ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى تَصَدَّقَ عَلَى مَرْضَى أُمَّتِي وَ مُسَافِرِيهَا بِالْإِفْطَارِ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ أَ يُحِبُّ أَحَدُكُمْ إِذَا تَصَدَّقَ بِصَدَقَةٍ أَنْ تُرَدَّ عَلَيْهِ».

Hadith.1973 - Yahya ibn Abi Al-Ala narrated from Abu Abdullah (as), who said: "A fasting person in the Month of Ramadan while traveling is like one who breaks his fast in the Month of Ramadan while at home." Imam (as) then added: "A man came to the Messenger of Allah (swt) (peace be upon him and his family) and said, 'O Messenger of Allah (swt), should I fast during the Month of Ramadan while traveling?' The Prophet (peace be upon him and his family) replied: 'No.' The man then said: 'O Messenger of Allah (swt), it is easy for me.' The Prophet (peace be upon him and his family) said: 'Indeed, Allah (swt), the Blessed and Exalted, has given a concession to the sick and the travelers of my nation to break their fast in the Month of Ramadan. Would one of you like it if a charity he gave were returned to him?'"

1974 - وَ سَأَلَ عُبَيْدُ بْنُ زُرَارَةَ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ : عَنْ قَوْلِ اَللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ «۝ فَمَنْ شَهِدَ مِنْكُمُ اَلشَّهْرَ فَلْيَصُمْهُ ۝» قَالَ «مَا أَبْيَنَهَا مَنْ شَهِدَ فَلْيَصُمْهُ وَ مَنْ سَافَرَ فَلاَ يَصُمْهُ».

Hadith.1974 - Ubayd ibn Zurara asked Abu Abdullah (as) about the verse of Allah (swt), the Exalted: "So whoever among you witnesses the month, let him fast it." (Surah Al-Baqarah 2:185) Imam (as) replied: "How clear it is! Whoever is present (not traveling) should fast it, and whoever is traveling should not fast it."

1975 - وَ رَوَى مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ حَكِيمٍ عَنِ اَلصَّادِقِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «لَوْ أَنَّ رَجُلاً مَاتَ صَائِماً فِي اَلسَّفَرِ لَمَا صَلَّيْتُ عَلَيْهِ».

Hadith.1975 - Muhammad ibn Hakim narrated from Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) that he said: "If a man were to die while fasting during travel, I would not perform the funeral prayer for him."

1976 - وَ رَوَى حَرِيزٌ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: «سَمَّى رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ قَوْماً صَامُوا حِينَ أَفْطَرَ وَ قَصَّرَ اَلْعُصَاةَ» قَالَ «وَ هُمُ اَلْعُصَاةُ إِلَى يَوْمِ اَلْقِيَامَةِ وَ إِنَّا لَنَعْرِفُ أَبْنَاءَهُمْ وَ أَبْنَاءَ أَبْنَائِهِمْ إِلَى يَوْمِنَا هَذَا».

Hadith.1976 - Hariz narrated from Zurara, from Abu Ja'far (as), who said: "The Messenger of Allah (swt) (peace be upon him and his family) called a group of people who fasted when he broke his fast and shortened his prayer as 'disobedient.' He (sw) said: 'They are disobedient until the Day of Judgment, and we recognize their children and the children of their children up to this day of ours.'"

1977 - وَ رَوَى اَلْعِيصُ بْنُ اَلْقَاسِمِ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: «إِذَا خَرَجَ اَلرَّجُلُ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ مُسَافِراً أَفْطَرَ» وَ قَالَ «إِنَّ رَسُولَ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ خَرَجَ مِنَ اَلْمَدِينَةِ إِلَى مَكَّةَ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ وَ مَعَهُ اَلنَّاسُ وَ فِيهِمُ اَلْمُشَاةُ فَلَمَّا اِنْتَهَى إِلَى كُرَاعِ اَلْغَمِيمِ دَعَا بِقَدَحٍ مِنْ مَاءٍ فِيمَا بَيْنَ اَلظُّهْرِ وَ اَلْعَصْرِ فَشَرِبَ وَ أَفْطَرَ وَ أَفْطَرَ اَلنَّاسُ مَعَهُ وَ تَمَّ أُنَاسٌ عَلَى صَوْمِهِمْ فَسَمَّاهُمُ «اَلْعُصَاةَ» وَ إِنَّمَا يُؤْخَذُ بِأَمْرِ رَسُولِ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ ».

Hadith.1977 - Al-'Iys ibn Al-Qasim narrated from Abu Abdullah (as), who said: "When a man travels during the Month of Ramadan, he breaks his fast." Imam (as) continued: "The Messenger of Allah (swt) (peace be upon him and his family) departed from Medina to Mecca during Month of Ramadan, accompanied by people among whom were pedestrians. When he reached Kurāʿ al-Ghamīm, between noon and afternoon, He called for a cup of water, drank, and broke his fast. The people with him also broke their fast, but some persisted in their fasting. He (sw) called them 'the disobedient,' as one is obligated to follow the command of the Messenger of Allah (swt) (peace be upon him and his family)."

1978 - وَ رَوَى أَبَانُ بْنُ تَغْلِبَ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ : «خِيَارُ أُمَّتِيَ اَلَّذِينَ إِذَا سَافَرُوا أَفْطَرُوا وَ قَصَّرُوا وَ إِذَا أَحْسَنُوا اِسْتَبْشَرُوا وَ إِذَا أَسَاءُوا اِسْتَغْفَرُوا وَ شِرَارُ أُمَّتِيَ اَلَّذِينَ وُلِدُوا فِي اَلنَّعِيمِ وَ غُذُّوا بِهِ يَأْكُلُونَ طَيِّبَ اَلطَّعَامِ وَ يَلْبَسُونَ لَيِّنَ اَلثِّيَابِ وَ إِذَا تَكَلَّمُوا لَمْ يَصْدُقُوا.

Hadith.1978 - Aban ibn Taghlib narrated from Abu Ja'far (as), who said: The Messenger of Allah (swt) (peace be upon him and his family) said: "The best among my nation are those who break their fast and shorten their prayers when traveling, rejoice when they do good, and seek forgiveness when they commit wrongs. The worst among my nation are those who are born into luxury, nurtured in it, eat the finest food, wear the softest clothes, and do not speak truthfully when they speak."

1979 - وَ رَوَى اِبْنُ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ أَبِي أَيُّوبَ عَنْ عَمَّارِ بْنِ مَرْوَانَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ سَمِعْتُهُ يَقُولُ: «مَنْ سَافَرَ قَصَّرَ وَ أَفْطَرَ إِلاَّ أَنْ يَكُونَ رَجُلاً سَفَرُهُ إِلَى صَيْدٍ أَوْ فِي مَعْصِيَةِ اَللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ أَوْ رَسُولاً لِمَنْ يَعْصِي اَللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ أَوْ طَلَبِ عَدُوٍّ أَوْ شَحْنَاءَ أَوْ سِعَايَةٍ أَوْ ضَرَرٍ عَلَى قَوْمٍ مِنَ اَلْمُسْلِمِينَ ».

Hadith.1979 - Ibn Mahbub narrated from Abu Ayyub, from Ammar ibn Marwan, from Abu Abdullah (as), who said: "I heard Imam (as) say: Whoever travels must shorten their prayers and break their fast, except in the case of a person whose travel is for hunting, committing a sin against Allah (swt) the Almighty, acting as a messenger for someone disobedient to Allah (swt), pursuing an enemy, fostering enmity, engaging in slander, or causing harm to a group of Muslims."

1980 - وَ قَالَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: «لاَ يُفْطِرُ اَلرَّجُلُ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ إِلاَّ بِسَبِيلِ حَقٍّ ».

Hadith.1980 - Imam (as) said: "A man should not break his fast in the Month of Ramadan except for a rightful cause."

]فأما صوم التطوع في السفر[ 1981 - فَقَدْ قَالَ اَلصَّادِقُ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ : «لَيْسَ مِنَ اَلْبِرِّ اَلصَّوْمُ فِي اَلسَّفَرِ».

[Regarding fasting voluntarily while traveling] Hadith.1981 - Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) said: "Fasting while traveling is not an act of righteousness."

1982 - وَ رَوَى اَلْحَلَبِيُّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ : أَنَّهُ سُئِلَ عَنِ اَلرَّجُلِ يَخْرُجُ مِنْ بَيْتِهِ وَ هُوَ يُرِيدُ اَلسَّفَرَ وَ هُوَ صَائِمٌ فَقَالَ «إِنْ خَرَجَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَنْتَصِفَ اَلنَّهَارُ فَلْيُفْطِرْ وَ لْيَقْضِ ذَلِكَ اَلْيَوْمَ وَ إِنْ خَرَجَ بَعْدَ اَلزَّوَالِ فَلْيُتِمَّ يَوْمَهُ ».

Hadith.1982 - Al-Halabi narrated from Imam Abu Abdullah (as): He was asked about a man who leaves his house intending to travel while fasting. The Imam (as) replied: "If he departs before the middle of the day, let him break his fast and make up that day. But if he departs after midday, let him complete his day."

1983 - وَ رَوَى اَلْعَلاَءُ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: «إِذَا سَافَرَ اَلرَّجُلُ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ فَخَرَجَ بَعْدَ نِصْفِ اَلنَّهَارِ فَعَلَيْهِ صِيَامُ ذَلِكَ اَلْيَوْمِ وَ يَعْتَدُّ بِهِ مِنْ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ وَ إِذَا دَخَلَ أَرْضاً قَبْلَ طُلُوعِ اَلْفَجْرِ وَ هُوَ يُرِيدُ اَلْإِقَامَةَ بِهَا فَعَلَيْهِ صَوْمُ ذَلِكَ اَلْيَوْمِ وَ إِنْ دَخَلَ بَعْدَ طُلُوعِ اَلْفَجْرِ فَلاَ صِيَامَ عَلَيْهِ وَ إِنْ شَاءَ صَامَ ».

Hadith.1983 - Al-‘Ala’ narrated from Muhammad ibn Muslim, from Imam Abu Abdullah (as): "If a man travels during the Month of Ramadan and departs after midday, he must fast that day, and it will be counted as part of his Month of Ramadan fast. However, if he enters a place before dawn with the intention of staying there, he is obligated to fast that day. But if he enters after dawn, fasting is not obligatory for him, although he may fast if he wishes."

1984 - وَ فِي رِوَايَةِ رِفَاعَةَ بْنِ مُوسَى عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ يُقْبِلُ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ مِنْ سَفَرٍ حَتَّى يَرَى أَنَّهُ سَيَدْخُلُ أَهْلَهُ ضَحْوَةً أَوِ اِرْتِفَاعَ اَلنَّهَارِ قَالَ «إِذَا طَلَعَ اَلْفَجْرُ وَ هُوَ خَارِجٌ لَمْ يَدْخُلْ فَهُوَ بِالْخِيَارِ إِنْ شَاءَ صَامَ وَ إِنْ شَاءَ أَفْطَرَ.

Hadith.1984 - Rifa‘ah ibn Musa narrated from Imam Abu Abdullah (as): "I asked him about a man who returns from a journey during Month of Ramadan, expecting to reach his family by mid-morning or later in the day. Imam (as) said: 'If dawn rises while he is still outside (and has not yet entered his hometown), he has the option: if he wishes, he may fast, and if he wishes, he may break his fast.'"

1985 - وَ رَوَى يُونُسُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اَلرَّحْمَنِ عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِمَا اَلسَّلاَمُ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: فِي اَلْمُسَافِرِ يَدْخُلُ أَهْلَهُ وَ هُوَ جُنُبٌ قَبْلَ اَلزَّوَالِ وَ لَمْ يَكُنْ أَكَلَ فَعَلَيْهِ أَنْ يُتِمَّ صَوْمَهُ وَ لاَ قَضَاءَ عَلَيْهِ قَالَ «يَعْنِي إِذَا كَانَتْ جَنَابَتُهُ مِنِ اِحْتِلاَمٍ.

Hadith.1985 - Yunus ibn Abdul-Rahman narrated from Imam Imam Musa ibn Jafar Al-Kadhim (as) that he said regarding a traveler who reaches his home while in a state of ritual impurity (janabah) before noon and has not yet eaten: "He must complete his fast, and there is no requirement to make it up." The Imam (as) clarified: "This applies if his janabah resulted from a nocturnal emission (ihtilam)."

1986 - وَ سَأَلَ عَبْدُ اَللَّهِ بْنُ سِنَانٍ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ : عَنِ اَلرَّجُلِ يَأْتِي جَارِيَتَهُ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ بِالنَّهَارِ فِي اَلسَّفَرِ فَقَالَ «مَا عَرَفَ هَذَا حَقَّ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ إِنَّ لَهُ فِي اَللَّيْلِ سَبْحاً طَوِيلاً » قَالَ قُلْتُ لَهُ أَ لَيْسَ لَهُ أَنْ يَأْكُلَ وَ يَشْرَبَ وَ يُقَصِّرَ قَالَ «إِنَّ اَللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ رَخَّصَ لِلْمُسَافِرِ فِي اَلْإِفْطَارِ وَ اَلتَّقْصِيرِ رَحْمَةً وَ تَخْفِيفاً لِمَوْضِعِ اَلتَّعَبِ وَ اَلنَّصَبِ وَ وَعْثِ اَلسَّفَرِ وَ لَمْ يُرَخِّصْ لَهُ فِي مُجَامَعَةِ اَلنِّسَاءِ فِي اَلسَّفَرِ بِالنَّهَارِ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ وَ أَوْجَبَ عَلَيْهِ قَضَاءَ اَلصِّيَامِ وَ لَمْ يُوجِبْ عَلَيْهِ قَضَاءَ تَمَامِ اَلصَّلاَةِ إِذَا آبَ مِنْ سَفَرِهِ» ثُمَّ قَالَ «وَ اَلسُّنَّةُ لاَ تُقَاسُ وَ إِنِّي إِذَا سَافَرْتُ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ مَا آكُلُ كُلَّ اَلْقُوتِ وَ مَا أَشْرَبُ كُلَّ اَلرِّيِّ».

Hadith.1986 - Abdullah ibn Sinan asked Imam Abu Abdullah (as) about a man who engages with his concubine during the day in the Month of Ramadan while traveling. The Imam (as) responded: "This person has not recognized the sanctity of the Month of Ramadan, for he has a long stretch of permissible time at night." The questioner asked: "Is it not permissible for him to eat, drink, and shorten his prayer while traveling?" The Imam (as) replied: "Allah (swt), the Almighty and Glorious, granted the traveler the concession to break the fast and shorten the prayer out of mercy and ease, considering the hardship, exhaustion, and difficulties of travel. However, He did not permit engaging in sexual relations during the day while traveling in the Month of Ramadan. For this, He has mandated the fast's make-up (qada) but has not required the make-up of full prayers when the traveler returns home." The Imam then added: "Religious practices are not subject to analogy. When I travel during the Month of Ramadan, I do not consume all food or drink in full measure."

1987 - وَ رَوَى اَلْحَلَبِيُّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لَهُ رَجُلٌ صَامَ فِي اَلسَّفَرِ فَقَالَ «إِنْ كَانَ بَلَغَهُ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ نَهَى عَنْ ذَلِكَ فَعَلَيْهِ اَلْقَضَاءُ وَ إِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ بَلَغَهُ فَلاَ شَيْءَ عَلَيْهِ».

Hadith.1987 - Al-Halabi narrated from Abu Abdullah (as) that he said: I asked him about a man who fasted while traveling. The Imam (as) replied: "If he was informed that the Messenger of Allah (swt) (peace be upon him and his family) prohibited fasting in such a situation, then he must make up for it (qada). However, if he was not aware of this prohibition, then there is no obligation upon him."