Man Lā Yaḥḍuruh al-Faqīh

1934 - رَوَى عَاصِمُ بْنُ حُمَيْدٍ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ لَيْثٍ اَلْمُرَادِيِّ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ فَقُلْتُ مَتَى يَحْرُمُ اَلطَّعَامُ عَلَى اَلصَّائِمِ وَ تَحِلُّ اَلصَّلاَةُ صَلاَةُ اَلْفَجْرِ فَقَالَ لِي «إِذَا اِعْتَرَضَ اَلْفَجْرُ فَكَانَ كَالْقُبْطِيَّةِ اَلْبَيْضَاءِ فَثَمَّ يَحْرُمُ اَلطَّعَامُ عَلَى اَلصَّائِمِ وَ تَحِلُّ اَلصَّلاَةُ صَلاَةُ اَلْفَجْرِ» قُلْتُ أَ فَلَسْنَا فِي وَقْتٍ إِلَى أَنْ يَطْلُعَ شُعَاعُ اَلشَّمْسِ قَالَ «هَيْهَاتَ أَيْنَ تَذْهَبُ بِكَ تِلْكَ صَلاَةُ اَلصِّبْيَانِ.

Hadith.1934 - Asim ibn Humayd narrated from Abu Basir Layth al-Muradi, who said: "I asked Abu Abdullah (as), 'When does food become forbidden for the fasting person, and when does the time for the Fajr prayer begin?' Imam (as) said to me: 'When the dawn spreads and appears like a white cloth, at that point food becomes forbidden for the fasting person, and the time for the Fajr prayer begins.' I said: 'Aren't we still within the time until the sun's rays appear?' Imam (as) said: 'Far from it! Where are you going with this? That is the prayer of children!'"

1935 - وَ رَوَى أَبُو بَصِيرٍ عَنْ أَحَدِهِمَا عَلَيْهِمَا اَلسَّلاَمُ : فِي قَوْلِ اَللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ «۝ وَ كُلُوا وَ اِشْرَبُوا حَتّٰى يَتَبَيَّنَ لَكُمُ اَلْخَيْطُ اَلْأَبْيَضُ مِنَ اَلْخَيْطِ اَلْأَسْوَدِ مِنَ اَلْفَجْرِ ۝» فَقَالَ «نَزَلَتْ فِي خَوَّاتِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ اَلْأَنْصَارِيِّ وَ كَانَ مَعَ اَلنَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ فِي اَلْخَنْدَقِ وَ هُوَ صَائِمٌ وَ أَمْسَى عَلَى تِلْكَ اَلْحَالِ وَ كَانُوا قَبْلَ أَنْ تَنْزِلَ هَذِهِ اَلْآيَةُ إِذَا نَامَ أَحَدُهُمْ حَرُمَ عَلَيْهِ اَلطَّعَامُ فَجَاءَ خَوَّاتٌ إِلَى أَهْلِهِ حِينَ أَمْسَى فَقَالَ عِنْدَكُمْ طَعَامٌ فَقَالُوا لاَ تَنَمْ حَتَّى نَصْنَعَ لَكَ طَعَاماً فَاتَّكَى فَنَامَ قَالُوا قَدْ فَعَلْتَ قَالَ نَعَمْ فَبَاتَ عَلَى تِلْكَ اَلْحَالِ وَ أَصْبَحَ ثُمَّ غَدَا إِلَى اَلْخَنْدَقِ فَجَعَلَ يُغْشَى عَلَيْهِ فَمَرَّ بِهِ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ فَلَمَّا رَأَى اَلَّذِي بِهِ أَخْبَرَهُ كَيْفَ كَانَ أَمْرُهُ فَأَنْزَلَ اَللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: «وَ كُلُوا وَ اِشْرَبُوا حَتّٰى يَتَبَيَّنَ لَكُمُ اَلْخَيْطُ اَلْأَبْيَضُ مِنَ اَلْخَيْطِ اَلْأَسْوَدِ مِنَ اَلْفَجْرِ» ».

Hadith.1935 - Abu Basir narrated from one of the Imams (as) regarding the verse of Allah (swt), the Exalted: "And eat and drink until the white thread becomes distinct to you from the black thread of dawn" (Surah Al-Baqarah 2:187). Imam (as) said: "This verse was revealed about Khawwat ibn Jubayr al-Ansari. He was with the Prophet (peace be upon him and his family) during the Battle of the Trench while fasting. Before this verse was revealed, if anyone slept at night, food became forbidden for them. Khawwat came to his family at night and asked: 'Do you have any food?' They said: 'Do not sleep until we prepare food for you.' He reclined and fell asleep. When they told him: 'You have already slept,' he replied, 'Yes, I did.' He remained in that state, fasting until the next day, and went to the trench, where he started to faint. The Messenger of Allah (swt) (peace be upon him and his family) passed by him, and when he saw his condition, he asked about his situation. Khawwat then explained what had happened. Then Allah (swt), the Exalted, revealed: 'And eat and drink until the white thread becomes distinct to you from the black thread of dawn.'" (Surah Al-Baqarah 2:187).

1936 - وَ سُئِلَ اَلصَّادِقُ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ : عَنِ «۝ اَلْخَيْطُ اَلْأَبْيَضُ مِنَ اَلْخَيْطِ اَلْأَسْوَدِ مِنَ اَلْفَجْرِ ۝» فَقَالَ «بَيَاضُ اَلنَّهَارِ مِنْ سَوَادِ اَللَّيْلِ ».

Hadith.1936 - Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) was asked about the verse: "The white thread becomes distinct from the black thread of dawn" (Surah Al-Baqarah 2:187). Imam (as) said: "It is the whiteness of the day separating from the darkness of the night."

1937 - وَ قَالَ فِي خَبَرٍ آخَرَ: «وَ هُوَ اَلْفَجْرُ اَلَّذِي لاَ شَكَّ فِيهِ.

Hadith.1937 - In another narration, Imam (as) said: "It is the dawn about which there is no doubt."

1938 - وَ سَأَلَهُ سَمَاعَةُ بْنُ مِهْرَانَ : عَنْ رَجُلَيْنِ قَامَا فَنَظَرَا إِلَى اَلْفَجْرِ فَقَالَ أَحَدُهُمَا هُوَ ذَا وَ قَالَ اَلْآخَرُ مَا أَرَى شَيْئاً قَالَ «فَلْيَأْكُلِ اَلَّذِي لَمْ يَتَبَيَّنْ لَهُ اَلْفَجْرُ وَ لْيَشْرَبْ لِأَنَّ اَللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ يَقُولُ: «۝ وَ كُلُوا وَ اِشْرَبُوا حَتّٰى يَتَبَيَّنَ لَكُمُ اَلْخَيْطُ اَلْأَبْيَضُ مِنَ اَلْخَيْطِ اَلْأَسْوَدِ مِنَ اَلْفَجْرِ ثُمَّ أَتِمُّوا اَلصِّيٰامَ إِلَى اَللَّيْلِ ۝» قَالَ سَمَاعَةُ وَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ أَكَلَ وَ شَرِبَ بَعْدَ مَا طَلَعَ اَلْفَجْرُ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ فَقَالَ «إِنْ كَانَ قَامَ فَنَظَرَ فَلَمْ يَرَ اَلْفَجْرَ فَأَكَلَ ثُمَّ أَعَادَ اَلنَّظَرَ فَرَأَى اَلْفَجْرَ فَلْيُتِمَّ صَوْمَهُ وَ لاَ إِعَادَةَ عَلَيْهِ وَ إِنْ كَانَ قَامَ فَأَكَلَ وَ شَرِبَ ثُمَّ نَظَرَ إِلَى اَلْفَجْرِ فَرَآهُ قَدْ طَلَعَ فَلْيُتِمَّ صَوْمَهُ ذَلِكَ وَ يَقْضِي يَوْماً آخَرَ لِأَنَّهُ بَدَأَ بِالْأَكْلِ قَبْلَ اَلنَّظَرِ فَعَلَيْهِ اَلْإِعَادَةُ».

Hadith.1938 - Sama'ah ibn Mihran asked Imam (as) about two men who rose to check for dawn. One of them said, "There it is," while the other said, "I do not see anything." Imam (as) said: "The one who does not see the dawn clearly may eat and drink because Allah (swt), the Exalted, says: 'And eat and drink until the white thread becomes distinct to you from the black thread of dawn; then complete the fast until the night' (Surah Al-Baqarah 2:187)." Sama'ah also asked him about a man who ate and drank after dawn had risen in the Month of Ramadan. Imam (as) said: "If he rose, looked, and did not see the dawn, then ate, and afterward checked again and saw the dawn, he should complete his fast, and there is no need for him to make it up. But if he rose, ate and drank without looking, and then saw that the dawn had already risen, he must complete his fast for that day and also make up another day, because he began eating without checking first, so making up the fast is obligatory upon him."

1939 - وَ رَوَى صَفْوَانُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنِ اَلْعِيصِ بْنِ اَلْقَاسِمِ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ خَرَجَ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ وَ أَصْحَابُهُ يَتَسَحَّرُونَ فِي بَيْتٍ فَنَظَرَ إِلَى اَلْفَجْرِ فَنَادَاهُمْ أَنَّهُ قَدْ طَلَعَ اَلْفَجْرُ فَكَفَّ بَعْضٌ وَ ظَنَّ بَعْضٌ أَنَّهُ يَسْخَرُ فَأَكَلَ فَقَالَ «يُتِمُّ وَ يَقْضِي ».

Hadith.1939 - Safwan ibn Yahya narrated from Al-'Is ibn al-Qasim, who said: "I asked Abu Abdullah (as) about a man who, during the Month of Ramadan, went out while his companions were taking suhoor (pre-dawn meal) in a house. He saw the dawn and called out to them, saying that the dawn had risen. Some of them stopped eating, while others thought he was joking and continued to eat. Imam (as) said: 'They must complete their fast and make up another day.'"

1940 - وَ رَوَى مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ عَمَّارٍ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ آمُرُ اَلْجَارِيَةَ لِتَنْظُرَ إِلَى اَلْفَجْرِ فَتَقُولُ لَمْ يَطْلُعْ بَعْدُ فَآكُلُ ثُمَّ أَنْظُرُ فَأَجِدُهُ قَدْ كَانَ طَلَعَ حِينَ نَظَرَتْ قَالَ «اِقْضِهِ أَمَا إِنَّكَ لَوْ كُنْتَ أَنْتَ اَلَّذِي نَظَرْتَ لَمْ يَكُنْ عَلَيْهِ شَيْءٌ.

Hadith.1940 - Muhammad ibn Abi Umayr narrated from Mu'awiyah ibn Ammar, who said: "I asked Abu Abdullah (as): 'I instruct a servant girl to check for the dawn, and she tells me that it has not risen yet, so I eat. Then I check and find that it had actually risen when she looked.' Imam (as) said: 'Make up that day. However, if you had been the one to check and it happened, there would be nothing upon you.'"