Man Lā Yaḥḍuruh al-Faqīh

المأتم في الأصل: مجتمع الرجال والنساء في الغم والفرح، ثم خص باجتماع النساء للموت وقيل هو للشواب من النساء لا غير (النهاية) ويطلق على الطعام للميت (في)

The term "المأتم" (ma'tam) originally referred to a gathering of men and women for either sorrowful or joyful occasions. Over time, it became specifically associated with gatherings of women during times of mourning for the deceased. It has also been said to apply particularly to young women in mourning (Al-Nihaya). Additionally, the term "المأتم" can also refer to food that is prepared for the deceased ("Fi").

502 - قَالَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ: «مَنْ عَزَّى حَزِيناً كُسِيَ فِي اَلْمَوْقِفِ حُلَّةً يُحَبَّرُ بِهَا.

Hadith.502 - The Messenger of Allah (sw) said: "Whoever consoles a grieving person will be clothed in a robe of honor on the Day of Standing (the Day of Judgment), which will bring them joy (and honor)."

503 - وَ رُوِيَ عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ اَلْحَكَمِ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: رَأَيْتُ مُوسَى بْنَ جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِمَا اَلسَّلاَمُ يُعَزِّي قَبْلَ اَلدَّفْنِ وَ بَعْدَهُ.

Hadith.503 - It was narrated from Hisham ibn al-Hakam that He said: "I saw Imam Musa ibn Jafar Al-Kadhim (as) offering condolences both before and after the burial."

504 - وَقَالَ اَلصَّادِقُ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: «اَلتَّعْزِيَةُ اَلْوَاجِبَةُ بَعْدَ اَلدَّفْنِ.

Hadith.504 - Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) said: "The obligatory act of offering condolences is after the burial."

505 - وَقَالَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: «كَفَاكَ مِنَ اَلتَّعْزِيَةِ بِأَنْ يَرَاكَ صَاحِبُ اَلْمُصِيبَةِ.

Hadith.505 - Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) said: "It is sufficient as a form of condolence for the bereaved to see you."

506 - وَ أَتَى أَبُو عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَوْماً قَدْ أُصِيبُوا بِمُصِيبَةٍ فَقَالَ «جَبَرَ اَللَّهُ وَهْنَكُمْ وَ أَحْسَنَ عَزَاكُمْ وَ رَحِمَ مُتَوَفَّاكُمْ» ثُمَّ اِنْصَرَفَ.

Hadith.506 - Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) visited a group of people who had experienced a loss and said: "May Allah (swt) strengthen you in your weakness, grant you beautiful patience, and have mercy on your deceased." Then he departed.

507 - وَقَالَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ: «اَلتَّعْزِيَةُ تُورِثُ اَلْجَنَّةَ.

Hadith.507 - The Messenger of Allah (sw) said: "Offering condolences leads to Paradise."

508 - وَ عَزَّى اَلصَّادِقُ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ رَجُلاً بِابْنٍ لَهُ فَقَالَ لَهُ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ «اَللَّهُ خَيْرٌ لاِبْنِكَ مِنْكَ وَ ثَوَابُ اَللَّهِ خَيْرٌ لَكَ مِنْهُ» فَبَلَغَهُ جَزَعُهُ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ فَعَادَ إِلَيْهِ فَقَالَ لَهُ «قَدْ مَاتَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ أَ فَمَا لَكَ بِهِ أُسْوَةٌ» فَقَالَ لَهُ إِنَّهُ كَانَ مُرَاهِقاً فَقَالَ لَهُ «إِنَّ أَمَامَهُ ثَلاَثَ خِصَالٍ شَهَادَةَ أَنْ لاَ إِلَهَ إِلاَّ اَللَّهُ وَ رَحْمَةَ اَللَّهِ وَ شَفَاعَةَ رَسُولِ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ فَلَنْ تَفُوتَهُ وَاحِدَةٌ مِنْهُنَّ إِنْ شَاءَ اَللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ.

Hadith.508 - The truthful one, Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as), offered condolences to a man who had lost his son and said to him: "Allah (swt) is better for your son than you are, and the reward from Allah (swt) is better for you than your son." Later, when the Imam heard of the man's continued grief, he returned to him and said: "The Messenger of Allah (sw) also passed away; do you not take him as an example?" The man responded that his son was on the verge of maturity (approaching adulthood). The Imam then said (consoling him): "There are three things ahead of him: the testimony that there is no god but Allah (swt), Allah’s (swt) mercy, and the intercession of the Messenger of Allah (sw). He will not miss out on any of these, if Allah (swt) the Almighty wills."

509 - وَ رَوَى أَبُو بَصِيرٍ عَنِ اَلصَّادِقِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «يَنْبَغِي لِصَاحِبِ اَلْجِنَازَةِ أَنْ لاَ يَلْبَسَ رِدَاءً وَ أَنْ يَكُونَ فِي قَمِيصٍ حَتَّى يُعْرَفَ وَ يَنْبَغِي لِجِيرَانِهِ أَنْ يُطْعِمُوا عَنْهُ ثَلاَثَةَ أَيَّامٍ.

Hadith.509 - Abu Basir narrated from Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) that He said: "It is proper for the person responsible for the funeral (i.e., the chief mourner) not to wear an outer cloak (ridā') and to remain in a shirt (Qamis) so that they are recognized (as grieving). It is also proper for the neighbors to provide food on their behalf for three days.”

510 - وَقَالَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: «مَلْعُونٌ مَلْعُونٌ مَنْ وَضَعَ رِدَاءَهُ فِي مُصِيبَةِ غَيْرِهِ.

Hadith.510 - Imam (as) said: "Cursed!, cursed is the one who puts down (removes) their cloak (ridā') in the misfortune of someone else."

511 - وَ لَمَّا قُبِضَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ اَلْعَسْكَرِيُّ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ رُئِيَ اَلْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ عَلَيْهِمَا اَلسَّلاَمُ قَدْ خَرَجَ مِنَ اَلدَّارِ وَ قَدْ شُقَّ قَمِيصُهُ مِنْ خَلْفٍ وَ قُدَّامٍ.

Hadith.511 - "When Imam Ali ibn Muhammad Al-Hadi (as) passed away, Imam Hasan ibn Ali Al-Askari (as), was seen coming out of the house with his shirt torn from the front and the back."

512 - وَ قَدْ وَضَعَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ رِدَاءَهُ فِي جِنَازَةِ سَعْدِ بْنِ مُعَاذٍ رَحِمَهُ اَللَّهُ فَسُئِلَ عَنْ ذَلِكَ فَقَالَ «إِنِّي رَأَيْتُ اَلْمَلاَئِكَةَ قَدْ وَضَعَتْ أَرْدِيَتَهَا فَوَضَعْتُ رِدَائِي.

Hadith.512 - "The Messenger of Allah (sw) placed his cloak down during the funeral of Sa'd ibn Mu'adh (may Allah (swt) have mercy on him). When asked about this, He (sw) said: "I saw the angels had placed their cloaks down, so I placed mine as well."

513 - وَقَالَ اَلصَّادِقُ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: «لَوْ لاَ أَنَّ اَلصَّبْرَ خُلِقَ قَبْلَ اَلْبَلاَءِ لَتَفَطَّرَ اَلْمُؤْمِنُ كَمَا تَتَفَطَّرُ اَلْبَيْضَةُ عَلَى اَلصَّفَا.

Hadith.513 - Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) said: "If patience had not been created before trials, the believer would have shattered like an egg striking a rock."

514 - وَقَالَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ: «أَرْبَعٌ مَنْ كُنَّ فِيهِ كَانَ فِي نُورِ اَللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ اَلْأَعْظَمِ مَنْ كَانَ عِصْمَةُ أَمْرِهِ شَهَادَةَ أَنْ لاَ إِلَهَ إِلاَّ اَللَّهُ وَ أَنِّي رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ وَ مَنْ إِذَا أَصَابَتْهُ مُصِيبَةٌ قَالَ «إِنّٰا لِلّٰهِ وَ إِنّٰا إِلَيْهِ رٰاجِعُونَ» وَ مَنْ إِذَا أَصَابَ خَيْراً قَالَ «اَلْحَمْدُ لِلّٰهِ رَبِّ اَلْعٰالَمِينَ» وَ مَنْ إِذَا أَصَابَ خَطِيئَةً قَالَ «أَسْتَغْفِرُ اَللَّهَ وَ أَتُوبُ إِلَيْهِ.

Hadith.514 - The Messenger of Allah (sw) said: "There are four qualities; whoever possesses them will be in the greatest light of Allah (swt), the Exalted and Glorious:" One whose protection is in the testimony that there is no god but Allah (swt) and that I am the Messenger of Allah (sw), And who, when afflicted with a calamity, says: Innā lillāhi wa innā ilayhi rāji‘ūn "Indeed, we belong to Allah (swt) and to Him we will return" And who, when blessed with goodness, says: Al-ḥamdu lillāhi Rabbi al-‘ālamīn "All praise is due to Allah (swt), the Lord (azj) of the worlds" And one who, when committing a sin, says: Astaghfiru Allāha wa atūbu ilayh "I seek forgiveness from Allah (swt) and repent to Him."

515 - وَقَالَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: «مَا مِنْ مُؤْمِنٍ يُصَابُ بِمُصِيبَةٍ فِي اَلدُّنْيَا فَيَسْتَرْجِعُ عِنْدَ مُصِيبَتِهِ وَ يَصْبِرُ حِينَ تَفْجَأُهُ اَلْمُصِيبَةُ إِلاَّ غَفَرَ اَللَّهُ لَهُ مَا مَضَى مِنْ ذُنُوبِهِ إِلاَّ اَلْكَبَائِرَ اَلَّتِي أَوْجَبَ اَللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ عَلَيْهَا اَلنَّارَ وَ كُلَّمَا ذَكَرَ مُصِيبَتَهُ فِيمَا يَسْتَقْبِلُ مِنْ عُمُرِهِ فَاسْتَرْجَعَ عِنْدَهَا وَ حَمِدَ اَللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ عِنْدَهَا، غَفَرَ اَللَّهُ لَهُ كُلَّ ذَنْبٍ اِكْتَسَبَهُ فِيمَا بَيْنَ اَلاِسْتِرْجَاعِ اَلْأَوَّلِ إِلَى اَلاِسْتِرْجَاعِ اَلْأَخِيرِ إِلاَّ اَلْكَبَائِرَ مِنَ اَلذُّنُوبِ.

Hadith.515 - Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as) said: "Whenever a believer is afflicted with a calamity in this world and responds by reciting the phrase of 'istirja' (saying 'Indeed, we belong to Allah (swt) and to Him we will return') at the moment of calamity and exhibits patience, Allah (swt) forgives their past sins, except for major sins for which Allah (swt) has decreed Hellfire. Additionally, each time the believer remembers that calamity in the future, recites 'istirja' again, and praises Allah (swt), Allah (swt) forgives all sins committed between the first instance of istirja' and the next, except for major sins."

516 - وَ رَوَى أَبُو بَصِيرٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «إِنَّ مَلَكاً مُوَكَّلاً بِالْمَقَابِرِ فَإِذَا اِنْصَرَفَ أَهْلُ اَلْمَيِّتِ مِنْ جَنَازَتِهِمْ عَنْ مَيِّتِهِمْ أَخَذَ قَبْضَةً مِنْ تُرَابٍ فَرَمَى بِهَا فِي آثَارِهِمْ ثُمَّ قَالَ اِنْسَوْا مَا رَأَيْتُمْ فَلَوْ لاَ ذَلِكَ مَا اِنْتَفَعَ أَحَدٌ بِعَيْشٍ.

Hadith.516 - Abu Basir narrated from Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as) that He said: "There is an angel assigned to the cemeteries. When the family of the deceased returns home after the funeral, this angel takes a handful of soil and throws it after them, saying, 'Forget what you have seen.' Were it not for this, no one would find any benefit (joy) in living."

517 - وَقَالَ اَلصَّادِقُ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: «مَنْ أُصِيبَ بِمُصِيبَةٍ جَزِعَ عَلَيْهَا أَوْ لَمْ يَجْزَعْ صَبَرَ عَلَيْهَا أَمْ لَمْ يَصْبِرْ كَانَ ثَوَابُهُ مِنَ اَللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ اَلْجَنَّةَ.

Hadith.517 - Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) said: "Whoever is afflicted with a calamity, whether they express intense grief over it or not, whether they exercise patience or not, their reward from Allah (swt), the Exalted and Glorious, is Paradise."

518 - وَقَالَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: «ثَوَابُ اَلْمُؤْمِنِ مِنْ وَلَدِهِ إِذَا مَاتَ اَلْجَنَّةُ صَبَرَ أَوْ لَمْ يَصْبِرْ.

Hadith.518 - Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) said: "The reward for a believer whose child dies is Paradise, whether they exhibit patience or not”.

519 - وَقَالَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: «مَنْ قَدَّمَ وَلَداً كَانَ خَيْراً لَهُ مِنْ سَبْعِينَ يُخَلِّفُهُمْ بَعْدَهُ كُلُّهُمْ قَدْ رَكِبَ اَلْخَيْلَ وَ قَاتَلَ فِي سَبِيلِ اَللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ.

Hadith.519 - Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) said: "Whoever loses a child (before their own passing), it is better for them than leaving behind seventy children after them, all of whom rode horses and fought in the way of Allah (swt), the Exalted and Glorious."

520 - وَقَالَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ: «لاَ يَدْخُلُ اَلْجَنَّةَ رَجُلٌ لَيْسَ لَهُ فَرَطٌ» فَقَالَ لَهُ رَجُلٌ مِمَّنْ لَمْ يُولَدْ لَهُ وَ لَمْ يُقَدِّمْ وَلَداً يَا رَسُولَ اَللَّهِ أَ وَ لِكُلِّنَا فَرَطٌ فَقَالَ «نَعَمْ إِنَّ مِنْ فَرَطِ اَلرَّجُلِ اَلْمُؤْمِنِ أَخَاهُ فِي اَللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ.

Hadith.520 - The Messenger of Allah (sw) said: "No one will enter Paradise unless they have a farat (one who goes ahead)." A man who had no children and had not lost any asked: "O’ Messenger of Allah (sw), does everyone among us have a farat?" The Prophet replied: "Yes, among the farat of a believer is their brother in faith who preceded them (in death) for the sake of Allah (swt), the Exalted and Glorious."

521 - وَقَالَ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ لِفَاطِمَةَ عَلَيْهَا اَلسَّلاَمُ حِينَ قُتِلَ جَعْفَرُ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ «لاَ تَدْعِي بِذُلٍّ وَ لاَ ثَكَلٍ وَ لاَ حَرَبٍ وَ مَا قُلْتِ فِيهِ فَقَدْ صَدَقْتِ.

Hadith.521 - The Messenger of Allah (sw) said to Sayyida Fatimah Al-Zahra {S.A} when Ja'far ibn Abi Talib was martyred: "Do not supplicate with (expressions of) humiliation, loss, or desolation. Whatever you have said about him is true."

522 - وَ رَوَى مِهْرَانُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ اَلصَّادِقِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «إِنَّ اَلْمَيِّتَ إِذَا مَاتَ بَعَثَ اَللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ مَلَكاً إِلَى أَوْجَعِ أَهْلِهِ عَلَيْهِ فَمَسَحَ عَلَى قَلْبِهِ فَأَنْسَاهُ لَوْعَةَ اَلْحُزْنِ لَوْ لاَ ذَلِكَ لَمْ تُعْمَرِ اَلدُّنْيَا.

Hadith.522 - it was narrated from Mehran ibn Muhammad that Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) said: "When a person dies, Allah (swt), the Exalted and Glorious, sends an angel to the one among their family who is most deeply affected by the loss. The angel touches their heart and alleviates the intensity of grief. If it were not for this, the world would not be able to continue”.

523 - وَقَالَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ: «إِذَا قُبِضَ وَلَدُ اَلْمُؤْمِنِ وَ اَللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ بِمَا قَالَ اَلْعَبْدُ فَيَسْأَلُ اَلْمَلاَئِكَةَ قَبَضْتُمْ وَلَدَ فُلاَنٍ اَلْمُؤْمِنِ فَيَقُولُونَ نَعَمْ رَبَّنَا فَيَقُولُ فَمَا ذَا قَالَ عَبْدِيَ اَلْمُؤْمِنُ فَيَقُولُونَ حَمِدَكَ رَبَّنَا وَ اِسْتَرْجَعَ فَيَقُولُ اَللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ اِبْنُوا لَهُ بَيْتاً فِي اَلْجَنَّةِ ' وَ سَمُّوهُ بَيْتَ اَلْحَمْدِ.

Hadith.523 - The Messenger of Allah (sw) said: "When the child of a believer passes away, Allah (swt) – knowing best what His servant has said – asks the angels: 'Have you taken the child of My believing servant?' They reply: 'Yes, our Lord (azj).' Allah (swt) then asks: 'What did My servant say?' They say: "He praised You and said: "Indeed, we belong to Allah (swt) and to Him we will return" Then Allah (swt), the Exalted, says: "'Build for My servant a house in Paradise and name it the House of Praise (Bayt al-Hamd).'"

524 - وَ لَمَّا مَاتَ إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ خَرَجَ اَلصَّادِقُ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ فَتَقَدَّمَ اَلسَّرِيرَ بِلاَ حِذَاءٍ وَ لاَ رِدَاءٍ.

Hadith.524 - When Ismail ibn Jaafar passed away, Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) came out and walked ahead of the bier without shoes and without an outer garment (ridā').

525 - وَ كَانَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ اَلْحُسَيْنِ عَلَيْهِمَا اَلسَّلاَمُ إِذَا رَأَى جَنَازَةً قَالَ « اَلْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ اَلَّذِي لَمْ يَجْعَلْنِي مِنَ اَلسَّوَادِ اَلْمُخْتَرَمِ.

Hadith.525 - When Imam Ali ibn Al-Hussain (as), saw a funeral procession, He would say: Alhamdulillahi alladhi lam yaj‘alni mina as-sawadi al-mukhtaram 'Praise be to Allah (swt) who did not make me from among those whose lives were abruptly taken'".

526 - وَقَالَ اَلصَّادِقُ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: «لَمَّا مَاتَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ رَسُولِ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ قَالَ اَلنَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ «حَزِنَّا عَلَيْكَ يَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ وَ إِنَّا لَصَابِرُونَ يَحْزَنُ اَلْقَلْبُ وَ تَدْمَعُ اَلْعَيْنُ وَ لاَ نَقُولُ مَا يُسْخِطُ اَلرَّبَّ».

Hadith.526 - Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) said: "When Ibrahim, the son of the Messenger of Allah (sw) passed away, the Prophet said: 'We are grieved by your departure, O’ Ibrahim, and we are patient. The heart is sorrowful, and the eyes shed tears, but we do not say that which displeases the Lord (azj).'"

527 - وَقَالَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: «إِنَّ اَلنَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ حِينَ جَاءَتْهُ وَفَاةُ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ وَ زَيْدِ بْنِ حَارِثَةَ كَانَ إِذَا دَخَلَ بَيْتَهُ كَثُرَ بُكَاؤُهُ عَلَيْهِمَا جِدّاً وَ يَقُولُ «كَانَا يُحَدِّثَانِي وَ يُؤَانِسَانِي فَذَهَبَا جَمِيعاً».

Hadith.527 - Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) said: "When The Prophet (sw) received news of the deaths of Ja'far ibn Abi Talib (as) and Zayd ibn Harithah, he would weep intensely when he entered his house and would say, 'They used to converse with me and bring me comfort, and now they are both gone.'"

528 - وَقَالَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: «إِنَّ اَلْبَلاَءَ وَ اَلصَّبْرَ يَسْتَبِقَانِ إِلَى اَلْمُؤْمِنِ فَيَأْتِيهِ اَلْبَلاَءُ وَ هُوَ صَبُورٌ وَ إِنَّ اَلْجَزَعَ وَ اَلْبَلاَءَ يَسْتَبِقَانِ إِلَى اَلْكَافِرِ فَيَأْتِيهِ اَلْبَلاَءُ وَ هُوَ جَزُوعٌ.

Hadith.528 - Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) said: "Indeed, trials and patience race toward the believer, so when trials reach him, he is patient. But panic and trials race toward the disbeliever, so when trials reach him, he panics."

529 - وَ رُوِيَ عَنِ اَلْكَاهِلِيِّ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِأَبِي اَلْحَسَنِ مُوسَى بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِمَا اَلسَّلاَمُ إِنَّ اِمْرَأَتِي وَ أُخْتِي وَ هِيَ اِمْرَأَةُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مَارِدٍ تَخْرُجَانِ فِي اَلْمَآتِمِ فَأَنْهَاهُمَا فَقَالَتَا لِي إِنْ كَانَ حَرَاماً اِنْتَهَيْنَا عَنْهُ وَ إِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ حَرَاماً فَلِمَ تَمْنَعُنَا فَيَمْتَنِعَ اَلنَّاسُ مِنْ قَضَاءِ حُقُوقِنَا فَقَالَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ «عَنِ اَلْحُقُوقِ تَسْأَلُنِي كَانَ أَبِي عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ يَبْعَثُ أُمِّي وَ أُمَّ فَرْوَةَ تَقْضِيَانِ حُقُوقَ أَهْلِ اَلْمَدِينَةِ.

Hadith.529 - It was narrated from Al-Kahili that He said: "I said to Abu Al-Hasan Imam Musa ibn Jafar Al-Kadhim (as): ‘My wife and my sister, who is the wife of Muhammad ibn Marid, go out to mourning gatherings. I prohibited them, but they said to me, 'If it is forbidden, we will refrain, but if it is not forbidden, why do you prevent us when people refrain from fulfilling our rights (if we do not attend)?’ Imam (as) replied: 'You ask me about rights? My father (as) used to send my mother and Umm Farwah to fulfil the rights of the people of Medina.'

530 - وَقَالَ اَلصَّادِقُ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: «لاَ يُسْأَلُ فِي اَلْقَبْرِ إِلاَّ مَنْ مَحَضَ اَلْإِيمَانَ مَحْضاً أَوْ مَحَضَ اَلْكُفْرَ مَحْضاً وَ اَلْبَاقُونَ مَلْهُوٌّ عَنْهُمْ إِلَى يَوْمِ اَلْقِيَامَةِ.

Hadith.530 - Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) said: "No one will be questioned in the grave except one who has perfected their faith completely or one who has perfected disbelief completely. As for the rest, they will be left alone until the Day of Resurrection."

531 - وَ سَأَلَهُ سَمَاعَةُ بْنُ مِهْرَانَ: عَنْ زِيَارَةِ اَلْقُبُورِ وَ بِنَاءِ اَلْمَسَاجِدِ فِيهَا فَقَالَ «أَمَّا زِيَارَةُ اَلْقُبُورِ فَلاَ بَأْسَ بِهَا وَ لاَ يُبْنَى عِنْدَهَا مَسَاجِدُ.

Hadith.531 - Sama’a ibn Mehran asked Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) about visiting graves and building mosques around them. Imam (as) replied: "There is no issue with visiting graves, but no mosques should be built around them."

532 - وَقَالَ اَلنَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ: «لاَ تَتَّخِذُوا قَبْرِي قِبْلَةً وَ لاَ مَسْجِداً فَإِنَّ اَللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ لَعَنَ اَلْيَهُودَ حِينَ اِتَّخَذُوا قُبُورَ أَنْبِيَائِهِمْ مَسَاجِدَ.

Hadith.532 - The Prophet Muhammad (sw) said: "Do not take my grave as a qibla (direction of prayer) or a mosque. Indeed, Allah (swt), the Exalted and Glorious, cursed the Jews when they took the graves of their prophets as places of worship."

533 - وَ سَأَلَ جَرَّاحٌ اَلْمَدَائِنِيُّ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: كَيْفَ اَلتَّسْلِيمُ عَلَى أَهْلِ اَلْقُبُورِ فَقَالَ «تَقِفُ وَ تَقُولُ: اَلسَّلاَمُ عَلَى أَهْلِ اَلدِّيَارِ مِنَ اَلْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَ اَلْمُسْلِمِينَ رَحِمَ اَللَّهُ اَلْمُسْتَقْدِمِينَ مِنَّا وَ اَلْمُسْتَأْخِرِينَ وَ إِنَّا إِنْ شَاءَ اَللَّهُ بِكُمْ لاَحِقُونَ.

Hadith.533 - Jarrah al-Mada'ini asked Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) about how to offer salutations to the inhabitants of the graves. Imam (as) replied: "[You should stand and] say: Al-salāmu ‘alā ahli al-diyār min al-mu’minīn wa al-muslimīn, raḥima Allāhu al-mustaqdimīna minnā wa al-musta’khirīn, wa innā in shā’a Allāhu bikum lāḥiqūn 'Peace be upon the inhabitants of the dwellings (graves) from among the believers and the Muslims. May Allah (swt) have mercy on those of us who have gone ahead and those who will come later, and indeed, if Allah (swt) wills, we shall join you.'"

534 - وَ كَانَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ إِذَا مَرَّ عَلَى اَلْقُبُورِ قَالَ «اَلسَّلاَمُ عَلَيْكُمْ مِنْ دِيَارِ قَوْمٍ مُؤْمِنِينَ وَ إِنَّا إِنْ شَاءَ اَللَّهُ بِكُمْ لاَحِقُونَ.

Hadith.534 - When the Messenger of Allah (sw) would pass by graves, he would say: Al-salāmu ‘alaykum min diyāri qawmin mu’minīn, wa innā in shā’a Allāhu bikum lāḥiqūn 'Peace be upon you, O’ dwellers of the homes of believers. Indeed, if Allah (swt) wills, we shall join you.'"

535 - وَقَالَ أَمِيرُ اَلْمُؤْمِنِينَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ لَمَّا دَخَلَ اَلْمَقَابِرَ «يَا أَهْلَ اَلتُّرْبَةِ وَ يَا أَهْلَ اَلْغُرْبَةِ أَمَّا اَلدُّورُ فَقَدْ سُكِنَتْ وَ أَمَّا اَلْأَزْوَاجُ فَقَدْ نُكِحَتْ وَ أَمَّا اَلْأَمْوَالُ فَقَدْ قُسِمَتْ، فَهَذَا خَبَرُ مَا عِنْدَنَا وَ لَيْتَ شِعْرِي مَا عِنْدَكُمْ» ثُمَّ اِلْتَفَتَ إِلَى أَصْحَابِهِ وَقَالَ «لَوْ أُذِنَ لَهُمْ فِي اَلْجَوَابِ لَقَالُوا إِنَّ «خَيْرَ اَلزّٰادِ اَلتَّقْوىٰ» »

Hadith.535 - The Commander of the Faithful Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as) entered the graveyard, He said: "O’ inhabitants of the earth and estranged ones! As for your homes, they have been inhabited; As for your spouses, they have remarried; And as for your wealth, it has been divided. This is the news from our side ; if only I knew what news you have." Then he turned to his companions and said: "If they were permitted to respond, they would say, 'Indeed, the best provision is taqwā (God-consciousness).'"

536 - وَ وَقَفَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ عَلَى اَلْقَتْلَى بِبَدْرٍ وَ قَدْ جَمَعَهُمْ فِي قَلِيبٍ فَقَالَ «يَا أَهْلَ اَلْقَلِيبِ إِنَّا «قَدْ وَجَدْنٰا مٰا وَعَدَنٰا رَبُّنٰا حَقًّا فَهَلْ وَجَدْتُمْ مٰا وَعَدَ رَبُّكُمْ حَقًّا» » فَقَالَ اَلْمُنَافِقُونَ إِنَّ رَسُولَ اَللَّهِ يُكَلِّمُ اَلْمَوْتَى فَنَظَرَ إِلَيْهِمْ فَقَالَ «لَوْ أُذِنَ لَهُمْ فِي اَلْكَلاَمِ لَقَالُوا نَعَمْ وَ إِنَّ «خَيْرَ اَلزّٰادِ اَلتَّقْوىٰ».

Hadith.536 - The Messenger of Allah (sw) stood over the bodies of those killed at Badr, having gathered them into a well/pit, and said: “O’ inhabitants of the well, we have found what our Lord (azj) promised us to be true; have you found what your Lord (azj) promised to be true?” The hypocrites replied: "The Messenger of Allah (sw) is speaking to the dead?" He then turned to them and said: "If they were permitted to speak, they would say, 'Indeed, the best provision is taqwā (God-consciousness).'"

537 - وَ كَانَتْ فَاطِمَةُ عَلَيْهَا اَلسَّلاَمُ تَأْتِي قُبُورَ اَلشُّهَدَاءِ كُلَّ غَدَاةِ سَبْتٍ فَتَأْتِي قَبْرَ حَمْزَةَ فَتَتَرَحَّمُ عَلَيْهِ وَ تَسْتَغْفِرُ لَهُ.

Hadith.537 - Sayyida Fatimah Al-Zahra {S.A} used to visit the graves of the martyrs every Saturday morning, and She would come to the grave of Hamzah (as), show mercy upon him, and seek forgiveness for him.

538 - وَقَالَ اَلصَّادِقُ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: «إِذَا دَخَلْتَ اَلْجَبَّانَةَ فَقُلِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَلَى أَهْلِ اَلْجَنَّةِ.

Hadith.538 - Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) said: "When you enter the graveyard, say : Al-salāmu ‘alā ahl al-jannah “Peace be upon the people of Paradise."

539 - وَقَالَ أَبُو اَلْحَسَنِ مُوسَى بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِمَا اَلسَّلاَمُ: «إِذَا دَخَلْتَ اَلْمَقَابِرَ فَطَأِ اَلْقُبُورَ فَمَنْ كَانَ مُؤْمِناً اِسْتَرْوَحَ إِلَى ذَلِكَ وَ مَنْ كَانَ مُنَافِقاً وَجَدَ أَلَمَهُ.

Hadith.539 - Abu Al-Hasan Imam Musa ibn Jafar Al-Kadhim (as) said: "When you enter the graveyards, step over the graves. Whoever is a believer will find comfort from that, and whoever is a hypocrite will feel its pain."

540 - وَ رُوِيَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ اَلْمَوْتَى نَزُورُهُمْ فَقَالَ «نَعَمْ» قُلْتُ فَيَعْلَمُونَ بِنَا إِذَا أَتَيْنَاهُمْ فَقَالَ «إِي وَ اَللَّهِ إِنَّهُمْ لَيَعْلَمُونَ بِكُمْ وَ يَفْرَحُونَ بِكُمْ وَ يَسْتَأْنِسُونَ إِلَيْكُمْ» قَالَ قُلْتُ فَأَيَّ شَيْءٍ نَقُولُ إِذَا أَتَيْنَاهُمْ قَالَ «قُلِ اَللَّهُمَّ جَافِ اَلْأَرْضَ عَنْ جُنُوبِهِمْ وَ صَاعِدْ إِلَيْكَ أَرْوَاحَهُمْ وَ لَقِّهِمْ مِنْكَ رِضْوَاناً وَ أَسْكِنْ إِلَيْهِمْ مِنْ رَحْمَتِكَ مَا تَصِلُ بِهِ وَحْدَتَهُمْ وَ تُؤْنِسُ بِهِ وَحْشَتَهُمْ «إِنَّكَ عَلىٰ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ».

Hadith.540 - It was narrated from Muhammad ibn Muslim that He said: "I asked Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as): Do the dead know when we visit them?" Imam (as) said: “Yes, by Allah (swt), they know of your visits and they rejoice and find comfort in your presence” I said: "What should we say when we visit them?" Imam (as) said: Say; Allahumma jāfi al-arda ‘an junūbihim, wa ṣā‘id ilayka arwāḥahum, wa laqqihim minka riḍwānan, wa askin ilayhim min raḥmatika mā taṣilu bihi waḥdatahum wa tu’nisu bihi waḥshatahum, innaka ‘alā kulli shay’in qadīr. "O’ Allah (swt), make the earth light upon their sides, raise their souls to You, grant them Your pleasure, and send upon them from Your mercy that which connects their loneliness and soothes their desolation. Truly, You are powerful over all things."

541 - وَقَالَ اَلرِّضَا عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: «مَا مِنْ عَبْدٍ مُؤْمِنٍ زَارَ قَبْرَ مُؤْمِنٍ فَقَرَأَ عِنْدَهُ «۝ إِنّٰا أَنْزَلْنٰاهُ فِي لَيْلَةِ اَلْقَدْرِ ۝» سَبْعَ مَرَّاتٍ إِلاَّ غَفَرَ اَللَّهُ لَهُ وَ لِصَاحِبِ اَلْقَبْرِ.

Hadith.541 - Imam Ali ibn Musa Ar-Ridha (as) said: "Whenever a believing servant visits the grave of a believer and recites 'Indeed, We revealed it [the Qur'an] on the Night of Qadr' Surah Al-Qadr (97:1-5) seven times, Allah (swt) will forgive him and the person buried in the grave”.

542 - وَ سَأَلَ إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ عَمَّارٍ أَبَا اَلْحَسَنِ اَلْأَوَّلَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: عَنِ اَلْمُؤْمِنِ يَزُورُ أَهْلَهُ فَقَالَ «نَعَمْ» قَالَ فِي كَمْ فَقَالَ «عَلَى قَدْرِ فَضَائِلِهِمْ مِنْهُمْ مَنْ يَزُورُ فِي كُلِّ يَوْمٍ وَ مِنْهُمْ مَنْ يَزُورُ فِي كُلِّ يَوْمَيْنِ وَ مِنْهُمْ مَنْ يَزُورُ فِي كُلِّ ثَلاَثَةِ أَيَّامٍ» قَالَ ثُمَّ رَأَيْتُ فِي مَجْرَى كَلاَمِهِ أَنَّهُ يَقُولُ «أَدْنَاهُمْ جُمْعَةً » فَقَالَ لَهُ فِي أَيِّ سَاعَةٍ قَالَ «عِنْدَ زَوَالِ اَلشَّمْسِ أَوْ قُبَيْلَ ذَلِكَ فَيَبْعَثُ اَللَّهُ مَعَهُ مَلَكاً يُرِيهِ مَا يَسُرُّ بِهِ وَ يَسْتُرُ عَنْهُ مَا يَكْرَهُهُ فَيَرَى سُرُوراً وَ يَرْجِعُ إِلَى قُرَّةِ عَيْنٍ.

Hadith.542 - Ishaq ibn Ammar asked Abu Al-Hasan al-Awwal, Imam Musa ibn Jafar Al-Kadhim (as) about whether a believer visits their family (after death). Imam (as) replied: "Yes." He (Ishaq) asked: ‘How often?’ The Imam said: "It depends on their level of virtue; some visit every day, some every two days, and some every three days." He then noted, "The least frequent among them visit once a week." He (Ishaq) then asked Him: "At what time?" Imam (as) replied: "At the time of the sun's decline (midday) or just before that. Allah (swt) sends with them an angel who shows them what pleases them and conceals from them what they dislike, so they see joy and return to a state of contentment”.

543 - وَ رَوَى حَفْصُ بْنُ اَلْبَخْتَرِيُّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: «أَنَّ اَلْكَافِرَ يَزُورُ أَهْلَهُ فَيَرَى مَا يَكْرَهُهُ وَ يُسْتَرُ عَنْهُ مَا يُحِبُّ.

Hadith.543 - Hafs ibn al-Bakhtari narrated from Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as): "Indeed, the disbeliever visits their family and sees what displeases them, while what they would like is concealed from them (by the accompanying angels)."

544 - وَقَالَ صَفْوَانُ بْنُ يَحْيَى لِأَبِي اَلْحَسَنِ مُوسَى بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِمَا اَلسَّلاَمُ: بَلَغَنِي أَنَّ اَلْمُؤْمِنَ إِذَا أَتَاهُ اَلزَّائِرُ آنَسَ بِهِ فَإِذَا اِنْصَرَفَ عَنْهُ اِسْتَوْحَشَ فَقَالَ «لاَ يَسْتَوْحِشُ.

Hadith.544 - Safwan ibn Yahya said to Abu Al-Hasan Imam Musa ibn Jafar Al-Kadhim (as): "I have heard that when a believer is visited by someone (at their grave), they are comforted by their presence, but when the visitor leaves, they feel lonely." Imam (as) replied: "They do not feel lonely."

545 - وَقَالَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: «يُصْنَعُ لِلْمَيِّتِ مَأْتَمٌ ثَلاَثَةَ أَيَّامٍ مِنْ يَوْمَ مَاتَ.

Hadith.545 - Imam al-Baqir (as) said: "A mourning gathering (ma'tam) is to be held for the deceased for three days from the day of their death."

546 - وَ أَوْصَى أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ بِثَمَانِمِائَةِ دِرْهَمٍ لِمَأْتَمِهِ وَ كَانَ يَرَى ذَلِكَ لِلسُّنَّةِ لِأَنَّ رَسُولَ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ قَالَ «اِتَّخِذُوا لآِلِ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ طَعَاماً فَقَدْ شُغِلُوا.

Hadith.546 - Imam al-Baqir (as) made a will specifying 800 dirhams to be used for his mourning gathering (ma'tam), as he saw this as part of the tradition (sunnah). This was because the Messenger of Allah (sw) said: "Prepare food for the family of Ja'far ibn Abi Talib, for they are preoccupied [by their loss]."

547 - وَ أَوْصَى أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ أَنْ يُنْدَبَ فِي اَلْمَوَاسِمِ عَشْرَ سِنِينَ.

Hadith.547 - Imam al-Baqir (as) willed that he be lamented (mourned) during special gatherings for ten years.

548 - وَقَالَ اَلصَّادِقُ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: «اَلْأَكْلُ عِنْدَ أَهْلِ اَلْمُصِيبَةِ مِنْ عَمَلِ أَهْلِ اَلْجَاهِلِيَّةِ وَ اَلسُّنَّةُ اَلْبَعْثُ إِلَيْهِمْ بِالطَّعَامِ كَمَا أَمَرَ بِهِ اَلنَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ فِي آلِ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ لَمَّا جَاءَ نَعْيُهُ.

Hadith.548 - Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) said: "Eating [a meal] at the home of those afflicted with a loss is from the practices of the people of the pre-Islamic era (Jahiliya), The sunnah (tradition) is to send food to them, as The Prophet (sw) ordered when the news of Ja'far ibn Abi Talib’s (as) martyrdom came”.

549 - وَقَالَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: لَمَّا قُتِلَ جَعْفَرُ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ ' أَمَرَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ فَاطِمَةَ عَلَيْهَا اَلسَّلاَمُ أَنْ تَأْتِيَ أَسْمَاءَ بِنْتَ عُمَيْسٍ وَ نِسَاءَهَا وَ أَنْ تَصْنَعَ لَهُمْ طَعَاماً ثَلاَثَةَ أَيَّامٍ فَجَرَتْ بِذَلِكَ اَلسُّنَّةُ.

Hadith.549 - When Ja'far ibn Abi Talib (as) was killed, the Messenger of Allah (sw) instructed Sayyida Fatimah Al-Zahra {S.A} to go to Asma' bint Umays and her womenfolk and to prepare food for them for three days. Thus, this practice became a sunnah (tradition).

550 - وَقَالَ اَلصَّادِقُ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: «لَيْسَ لِأَحَدٍ أَنْ يُحِدَّ أَكْثَرَ مِنْ ثَلاَثَةِ أَيَّامٍ إِلاَّ اَلْمَرْأَةَ عَلَى زَوْجِهَا حَتَّى تَنْقَضِيَ عِدَّتُهَا.

Hadith.550 - Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) said: "No one should observe mourning (ḥidād) for more than three days, except for a woman mourning her husband, as She must continue her mourning until the completion of her 'iddah (waiting period).”

551 - وَ سُئِلَ: عَنْ أَجْرِ اَلنَّائِحَةِ فَقَالَ «لاَ بَأْسَ بِهِ وَ قَدْ نِيحَ عَلَى رَسُولِ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ.

Hadith.551 – Imam (as) said was asked about the reward (ajr) of the mourning woman (nā’iḥah), Imam (as) said: "There is no issue with it, for mourning (niyaḥah) was done for the Messenger of Allah (sw)."

552 - وَ رُوِيَ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «لاَ بَأْسَ بِكَسْبِ اَلنَّائِحَةِ إِذَا قَالَتْ صِدْقاً. وَ فِي خَبَرٍ آخَرَ قَالَ: «تَسْتَحِلُّهُ بِضَرْبِ إِحْدَى يَدَيْهَا عَلَى اَلْأُخْرَى.

Hadith.552 - It was narrated that Imam (as) said: "There is no issue with the earnings of the mourning woman (nā’iḥah) if She speaks truthfully." In another narration, Imam (as) said: "She justifies it (her earnings) by striking one of her hands on the other."

553 - وَ لَمَّا اِنْصَرَفَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ مِنْ وَقْعَةِ أُحُدٍ إِلَى اَلْمَدِينَةِ سَمِعَ مِنْ كُلِّ دَارٍ قُتِلَ مِنْ أَهْلِهَا قَتِيلٌ نَوْحاً وَ بُكَاءً وَ لَمْ يَسْمَعْ مِنْ دَارِ حَمْزَةَ عَمِّهِ فَقَالَ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ «لَكِنَّ حَمْزَةَ لاَ بَوَاكِيَ لَهُ» فَآلَى أَهْلُ اَلْمَدِينَةِ أَنْ لاَ يَنُوحُوا عَلَى مَيِّتٍ وَ لاَ يَبْكُوهُ حَتَّى يَبْدَءُوا بِحَمْزَةَ فَيَنُوحُوا عَلَيْهِ وَ يَبْكُوهُ فَهُمْ إِلَى اَلْيَوْمِ عَلَى ذَلِكَ.

Hadith.553 - When the Messenger of Allah (sw) returned to Medina after the Battle of Uhud, he heard mourning and weeping from every house in which someone had been killed. However, he did not hear mourning from the house of Hamza, his uncle. The Prophet (sw) then said: "But Hamza has no mourners." The people of Medina swore that they would not mourn or weep over any deceased until they began with mourning and weeping for Hamza. To this day, they continue this tradition.

554 - وَقَالَ عُمَرُ بْنُ يَزِيدَ: قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ يُصَلَّى عَنِ اَلْمَيِّتِ فَقَالَ «نَعَمْ حَتَّى إِنَّهُ لَيَكُونُ فِي ضِيقٍ فَيُوَسِّعُ اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ ذَلِكَ اَلضِّيقَ ثُمَّ يُؤْتَى فَيُقَالُ لَهُ خُفِّفَ عَنْكَ هَذَا اَلضِّيقُ بِصَلاَةِ فُلاَنٍ أَخِيكَ عَنْكَ» قَالَ فَقُلْتُ لَهُ فَأُشْرِكُ بَيْنَ رَجُلَيْنِ فِي رَكْعَتَيْنِ قَالَ «نَعَمْ» فَقَالَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ «إِنَّ اَلْمَيِّتَ لَيَفْرَحُ بِالتَّرَحُّمِ عَلَيْهِ وَ اَلاِسْتِغْفَارِ لَهُ كَمَا يَفْرَحُ اَلْحَيُّ بِالْهَدِيَّةِ تُهْدَى إِلَيْهِ. ويجوز أن يجعل الرجل حجته أو عمرته أو بعض صلاته أو بعض طوافه لبعض أوله وهو ميت وينتفع به حتى أنه ليكون مسخوطا عليه فيغفر له، ويكون مضيقا عليه فيوسع له ، ويعلم الميت بذلك، ولو أن رجلا فعل ذلك عن ناصب لخفف عنه ، والبر والصلة والحج يجعل للميت والحي، فأما الصلاة فلا تجوز عن الحي.

Hadith.554 - Omar ibn Yazid said: I asked Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) whether it is permissible to pray on behalf of a deceased person. Imam (as) replied: "Yes, even to the extent that if the deceased is in difficulty, Allah (swt) will alleviate that difficulty through the prayer of his brother for him. Then it is said to the deceased, 'Your difficulty has been eased by the prayer of such-and-such, your brother, on your behalf.'" I then asked: "Can I include two people in one set of two units of prayer?" Imam (as) replied: "Yes." He (as) also said: "The deceased rejoices in mercy and forgiveness offered on his behalf just as the living person rejoices in a gift given to him." [AL SADUQ] It is permissible to perform pilgrimage (Hajj or Umrah), prayer, or circumambulation (Tawaf) on behalf of a deceased person, and they benefit from it—even if the deceased was under divine displeasure, they may be forgiven or have their hardship relieved through such actions. The deceased is made aware of these acts. Even performing these acts for an adversary (nāṣib) could lessen their burden. Acts of piety, connection, and Hajj can be performed for both the living and the dead, but prayer on behalf of a living person is not permitted.

555 - وَقَالَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: «سِتَّةٌ يَلْحَقْنَ اَلْمُؤْمِنَ بَعْدَ وَفَاتِهِ وَلَدٌ يَسْتَغْفِرُ لَهُ وَ مُصْحَفٌ يُخَلِّفُهُ وَ غَرْسٌ يَغْرِسُهُ وَ صَدَقَةُ مَاءٍ يُجْرِيهِ وَ قَلِيبٌ يَحْفِرُهُ وَ سُنَّةٌ يُؤْخَذُ بِهَا مِنْ بَعْدِهِ.

Hadith.555 - Imam (as) said: "Six things follow a believer after his death: a child who seeks forgiveness for him, a Quran he leaves behind, a tree he plants, a charity of water he provides, a well he digs, and a good tradition that is acted upon after him."

556 - وَقَالَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: «مَنْ عَمِلَ مِنَ اَلْمُسْلِمِينَ عَنْ مَيِّتٍ عَمَلاً صَالِحاً أُضْعِفَ لَهُ أَجْرُهُ وَ نَفَعَ اَللَّهُ بِهِ اَلْمَيِّتَ.

Hadith.556 - Imam (as) said: "Whoever from among the Muslims performs a good deed on behalf of a deceased person, their reward will be multiplied, and Allah (swt) will benefit the deceased through it."

557 - وَقَالَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: «يَدْخُلُ عَلَى اَلْمَيِّتِ فِي قَبْرِهِ اَلصَّلاَةُ وَ اَلصَّوْمُ وَ اَلْحَجُّ وَ اَلصَّدَقَةُ وَ اَلْبِرُّ وَ اَلدُّعَاءُ وَ يُكْتَبُ أَجْرُهُ لِلَّذِي يَفْعَلُهُ وَ لِلْمَيِّتِ.

Hadith.557 - Imam (as) said: "Prayer, fasting, pilgrimage, charity, righteousness, and supplication enter upon the deceased in their grave, and the reward is written for both the one who performs these deeds and the deceased."

558 - وَ لَمَّا مَاتَ ذَرُّ بْنُ أَبِي ذَرٍّ رَحْمَةُ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ وَقَفَ أَبُو ذَرٍّ عَلَى قَبْرِهِ فَمَسَحَ اَلْقَبْرَ بِيَدِهِ ثُمَّ قَالَ «رَحِمَكَ اَللَّهُ يَا ذَرُّ وَ اَللَّهِ إِنْ كُنْتَ بِي لَبَرّاً وَ لَقَدْ قُبِضْتَ وَ إِنِّي عَنْكَ لَرَاضٍ وَ اَللَّهِ مَا بِي فَقْدُكَ وَ مَا عَلَيَّ مِنْ غَضَاضَةٍ وَ مَا لِي إِلَى أَحَدٍ سِوَى اَللَّهِ مِنْ حَاجَةٍ وَ لَوْ لاَ هَوْلُ اَلْمُطَّلَعِ لَسَرَّنِي أَنْ أَكُونَ مَكَانَكَ وَ لَقَدْ شَغَلَنِي اَلْحُزْنُ لَكَ عَنِ اَلْحُزْنِ عَلَيْكَ وَ اَللَّهِ مَا بَكَيْتُ لَكَ وَ لَكِنْ بَكَيْتُ عَلَيْكَ فَلَيْتَ شِعْرِي مَا قُلْتَ وَ مَا قِيلَ لَكَ: اَللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي قَدْ وَهَبْتُ لَهُ مَا اِفْتَرَضْتَ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ حَقِّي فَهَبْ لَهُ مَا اِفْتَرَضْتَ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ حَقِّكَ فَأَنْتَ أَحَقُّ بِالْجُودِ مِنِّي وَ اَلْكَرَمِ.

Hadith.558 - When Dhar ibn Abi Dhar, passed away, Abu Dharr stood by his grave, touched it with his hand, and said: "May Allah (swt) have mercy on you, O’ Dhar. By Allah (swt), you were righteous toward me. You were taken from me while I am content with you. By Allah (swt), I have not felt your loss as a disgrace, nor have I sought from anyone besides Allah (swt) any need. Were it not for the terror of the grave and its trials, I would have been pleased to be in your place. Sorrow for you has preoccupied me from sorrow over your loss. By Allah (swt), I did not cry for you but for myself over you. I wonder what you said and what was said to you. O’ Allah (swt), I have forgiven him what was due to me of rights. Grant him what is due from You, for You are more worthy of generosity and grace."