Creation of Universe

Age of Ignorance, Household of Muhammad, hypocrites

Shaqshaqiya (literally, "roar of the camel"), in which Alī lays out his claim to the caliphate and his superiority over his predecessors

His far-sightedness and his steadfastness in Islam

When Abbas and Abu Sufyan offered to pay allegiance to him for the caliphate after Muhammad''s death

On being advised not to chase Talha and Zubayr for fighting

The hypocrites

About Zubayr at a time for which it was appropriate

Cowardice of his enemies in the Battle of the Camel

Talha and Zubayr

When he gave the standard of the Battle of the Camel to his son Mohammad

When, after his victory in the Battle of the Camel, one of his comrades said, "I wish my brother had been present and he too would have seen what success and victory God had given you"

Condemning the people of Basra

Also in condemnation of the people of Basra

After resuming the land grants made by Uthman

Delivered when the people of Madina swore allegiance to him

About those who sit for dispensation of justice among people but are not fit for it

In disparagement of contradictory views among Muslim jurists

Treachery and hypocrisy of al-Ashath al-Kindi

Death and taking lessons from it

Advice to keep light in this world

About those who accused him of killing Uthman

Keeping aloof from envy, and good behavior towards kin

Exhorting people for jihad

When his men were overpowered by Muawiya''s men

People after Muhammad''s death, the settlement between Muawiya and Amr ibn al-As

The transient nature of this world and importance of the next world

About those who found pretexts at the time of jihad

In connection with Uthman''s killing

Before the Battle of the Camel, he sent Ibn Abbas to Zubayr to advise him back to obedience

Disparagement of the world and categories of people

At the time of setting for the Battle of the Camel

Exhorting people to fight against the people of Syria

After arbitration

Warning the people of Nahrawan of their fate

His steadfastness and precedence in Islam

In disparagement of those in doubt

In disparagement of those who shrink from fighting

In response to the slogan of Kharijites: "Judgment belongs to God alone"

In condemnation of treason

Heart''s desires and hopes

In response to a suggestion of war

When Masqala defected to Syria

The greatness of God and the lowliness of this world

When he decided to march towards Syria

Calamities befalling Kufa

At the time of marching towards Syria

God''s greatness and sublimity

Admixture of right and wrong

When his men were prevented from taking water from the River Euphrates

Reward and punishment in the next world

On the description of the Day of Sacrifice

On the swear of allegiance

When his men showed impatience on his delay in giving them permission to fight in Siffin

Steadiness on the battlefield

Muawiya swallows whatever he gets and craves for what he does not get

Addressing the Kharijites

When he was told that the Kharijites had crossed the bridge of Nahrawan

When he was told that the Kharijites had been totally annihilated

Do not fight the Kharijites after me!

When he was warned of being killed by deceit

Transience of this world

Decline and destruction of this world

Attributes of God

Ways of fighting

On hearing the account of what took place in Saqifah of Bani-Sa''ida

When Mohammad ibn Abi Bakr, governor of Egypt, was overpowered and killed

Admonishing his companions for careless behavior

In the morning of the day he was fatally struck with a sword

In condemnation of the people of Iraq

Praise for Muhammad

When Hasan and Husayn interceded on behalf of Marwan

When the elective committee (or shura) decided to swear allegiance to Uthman

When he learned that the Umayyads blamed him for killing Uthman

Preaching and counseling

Banu Umayyad

One of his supplications

Prophecy of astrologers

Shortcomings of women

Way of preaching and counseling

World and its people

Al-Gharra (literally, "the brilliant"), in which Ali enjoined people to piety

Amr ibn al-As

Perfection of God and counseling

Preparing for the hereafter by following God''s commandments

Faithful and unfaithful believers

Factions of community

Holy Prophet

God''s attributes and some advice

Al-Ashbaah (literally, "the skeletons"), in which Ali talked about the creation of the universe

When people decided to swear allegiance to him after the murder of Uthman

Annihilation of the Kharijites, mischief mongering of the Umayyads, vastness of his own knowledge

God''s praise and eulogy of the prophets

Age of Ignorance and Muhammad''s efforts to disseminate God''s message

In eulogy of Muhammad

Admonishing his companions

Oppression of the Umayyads

Abstinence of the world and vicissitudes of time

Muhammad and his descendants

ومن وصية له (عليه السلام) كان يكتبها لمن يستعمله على الصدقات

Amīr al-mu’minīn used to write to whoever he appointed for the the collection of zakāt and charities.

(قال السيد الرضى:) وإنما ذكرنا هنا جملاً ليعلم بها أنه (عليه السلام) كان يقيم عماد الحق، ويشرع أمثلة العدل، في صغير الأمور وكبيرها، ودقيقها وجليلها:

(as-Sayyid ar-Raḍī says:) We have recorded a few portions of it here to show that he always erected the pillars of right and created examples of justice in all matters, small or big, delicate or serious.

انْطَلِقْ عَلَى تَقْوَى اللهِ وَحْدَهُ لَا شَرِيكَ لَهُ، وَلَا تُرَوِّعَنَّ مُسْلِماً، وَلَا تَجْتَازَنَّ عَلَيْهِ كَارِهاً، وَلَا تَأْخُذَنَّ مِنْهُ أَكثَرَ مِنْ حَقِّ اللهِ فِي مَالِهِ. فَإِذَا قَدِمْتَ عَلَى الْحَيِّ فَانْزِلْ بِمَائِهِمْ مِنْ غَيْرِ أَنْ تُخَالِطَ أَبْيَاتَهُمْ، ثُمَّ امْضِ إِلَيْهِمْ بِالسَّكِينَةِ وَالْوَقَارِ، حَتَّى تَقوُمَ بَيْنَهُمْ فَتُسَلِّمَ عَلَيْهِمْ، وَلَا تُخْدِجْ بِالتَّحِيَّةِ لَهُمْ، ثُمَّ تَقُولَ: عِبَادَ اللهِ، أَرْسَلَنِي إِلَيْكُمْ وَلِيُّ اللهِ وَخَلِيفَتُهُ، لِآخُذَ مِنْكُمْ حَقَّ اللهِ فِي أَمْوَالِكُمْ، فَهَلْ لِلَّهِ فِي أَمْوَالِكُمْ مِنْ حَقٍّ فَتُؤَدُّوهُ إِلَى وَلِيِّهِ؟

Move on with the fear of Allāh Who is One and has no partner. Do not frighten any Muslim. Do not pass over his lands so as to make him feel unhappy. Do not take from him more than Allāh’s share in his property. When you go to a tribe, you should get down at their watering place instead of entering their houses. Then proceed towards them with peace and dignity till you stand among them. Then salute them and do not be remiss in greeting them, then say to them, “O’ servants of Allāh, the vicegerent of Allāh and His caliph has sent me to you to collect from you Allāh’s share in your properties. Is there anything of His share in your properties? If so, give it to His vicegerent.”

فَإِنْ قَالَ قَائِلٌ: لَا، فَلاَ تُرَاجِعْهُ، وَإِنْ أَنْعَمَ لَكَ مُنْعِمٌ فَانْطَلِقْ مَعَهُ مِنْ غَيْرِ أَنْ تُخِيفَهُ أَوْ تُوعِدَهُ أَوْ تَعْسِفَهُ أَوْ تُرْهِقَهُ، فَخُذْ مَا أَعْطَاكَ مِنْ ذَهَبٍ أَوْ فِضَّةٍ، فَإِنْ كَانَ لَهُ مَاشِيَةٌ أَوْ إِبِلٌ فَلاَ تَدْخُلْهَا إِلَّا بِإِذْنِهِ، فَإِنَّ أَكْثَرَهَا لَهُ، فَإِذَا أَتَيْتَهَا فَلاَ تَدْخُلْ عَلَيْهَا دُخُولَ مُتَسَلِّطٍ عَلَيْهِ وَلَا عَنِيفٍ بِهِ، وَلَا تُنَفِّرَنَّ بَهِيمَةً وَلَا تُفْزِعَنَّهَا، وَلَا تَسُوأَنَّ صَاحِبَهَا فِيهَا،

If someone among them says “No”, then do not repeat the demand. If someone speaks to you in the affirmative, then go with him without frightening him, threatening him, pressuring him or oppressing him. Take what he gives you such as gold or silver (coins). If he has cattle or camels do not enter upon them save with his permission, because their major part is his. Therefore, when you get there do not enter upon them like one who has full control over them or in a violent manner. Do not scare any animal, do not tease anyone and do not let the owner feel grieved about anyone.

وَاصْدَعِ الْمَالَ صَدْعَيْنِ، ثُمَّ خَيِّرْهُ، فَإِذَا اخْتَارَ فَلاَ تَعْرِضَنَّ لِمَا اخْتَارَهُ، ثُمَّ اصْدَعِ الْبَاقيَ صَدْعَيْنِ، ثُمَّ خَيِّرْهُ، فَإِذَا اخْتَارَ فَلاَ تَعْرِضَنَّ لِمَا اخْتَارَهُ، فَلاَ تَزَالُ كَذَلِكَ حَتَّى يَبْقَى مَا فِيهِ وَفَاءٌ لِحَقِّ اللهِ فِي مَالِهِ، فَاقْبِضْ حَقَّ اللهِ مِنْهُ، فَإِنِ اسْتَقَالَكَ فَأَقِلْهُ، ثُمَّ اخْلِطْهُمَا، ثُمَّ اصْنَعْ مِثْلَ الَّذِي صَنَعْتَ أَوَّلًا حَتَّى تَأْخُذَ حَقَّ اللهِ فِي مَالِهِ.

Divide the property into two parts and let the owner choose one. When he has chosen do not object to it. Then divide the remaining into two parts and let him choose one and when he has chosen do not raise any objection. Continue like this till only that much remains which is enough to satisfy Allāh’s dues. Then take Allāh’s due from it. If he disputes your action allow his views, then mix the two (separated) parts and repeat what you had done before till you take Allāh’s due from his property.

وَلَا تَأْخُذَنَّ عَوْداً، وَلَا هَرِمَةً، وَلَا مَكْسُورَةً، وَلَا مَهْلُوسَةً، وَلَا ذَاتَ عَوَارٍ. وَلَا تَأْمَنَنَّ عَلَيْهَا إِلَّا مَنْ تَثِقُ بِدِينِهِ، رَافِقاً بِمَالِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ حَتَّى يُوَصِّلَهُ إِلَى وَلِيِّهِمْ فَيَقْسِمَهُ بَيْنَهُمْ. وَلَا تُوَكِّلْ بِهَا إِلَّا نَاصِحاً شَفِيقاً، وَأَمِيناً حَفِيظاً، غَيْرَ مُعْنِفٍ وَلَا مُجْحِفٍ، وَلَا مُلْغِبٍ وَلَا مُتْعِبٍ. ثُمَّ احْدُرْ إِلَيْنَا مَا اجْتَمَعَ عِنْدَكَ، نُصَيِّرْهُ حَيْثُ أَمَرَ اللهُ بِهِ.

Do not take an old, decrepit, broken-limbed, sick or unsound animal. Do not entrust the animals (for custody) except to one whom you trust to take care of Muslims’ property till he hands it over to their chief who will distribute it. Do not entrust it to anyone except he who is a well wisher, God-fearing, trustworthy and watchful, and who is not harsh on Muslims’ property, nor makes them run too much, nor tires them, nor labours them. Then send to us all that you have collected and we shall deal with it as Allāh has ordered.

فَإِذَا أَخذَهَا أَمِينُكَ فَأَوْعِزْ إِلَيْهِ: أَلَّا يَحُولَ بَيْنَ نَاقَةٍ وَبَيْنَ فَصِيلِهَا، وَلَا يَمْصُرَ لَبَنَهَا فَيَضُرَّ [فَيُضِرَّ] ذَلِكَ بِوَلَدِهَا، وَلَا يَجْهَدَنَّهَا رُكُوباً، وَلْيَعْدِلْ بَيْنَ صَوَاحِبَاتِهَا فِي ذَلِكَ وَبَيْنَهَا، وَلْيُرَفِّهْ عَلَى اللاَّغِبِ، وَلْيَسْتَأْنِ بِالنَّقِبِ وَالظَّالِعِ، وَلْيُورِدْهَا مَا تَمُرُّ بِهِ مِنَ الْغُدُرِ، وَلَا يَعْدِلْ بِهَا عَنْ نَبْتِ الْأَرْضِ إِلَى جَوَادِّ الطُّرُقِ، وَلْيُرَوِّحْهَا فِي السَّاعَاتِ، وَلْـيُمْهِلْهَا عِنْدَ النِّطَافِ وَالْأَعْشَابِ، حَتَّى تَأْتِيَنَا بِإِذْنِ اللهِ بُدَّناً مُنْقِيَاتٍ، غَيْرَ مُتْعَبَاتٍ وَلَا مَجْهُودَاتٍ، لِنَقْسِمَهَا عَلَى كِتَابِ اللهِ وَسُنَّةِ نَبِيِّهِ (صلى الله عليه وآله) فَإِنَّ ذلِكَ أَعْظَمُ لِأَجْرِكَ، وَأَقْرَبُ لِرُشْدِكَ، إِنْ شَاءَ اللهُ.

When your trustee takes over (the animal) tell him that he should not separate the she-camel from its young and should not milk all its milk because that would affect its young, and also that he should not exert it in riding. In this matter, he should behave justly between it and all its companions. He should allow rest to camels (who are tired), and drive with ease those whose hoofs have been rubbed off. When you pass a water spring stay the camels there for drinking and do not take them away from vegetated land to barren paths. He should allow them rest now and then, and give them time near water and grass. In this way, when they reach us by leave of Allāh, they will be fat with plenty of marrow and would not be fatigued or distressed. We will then distribute them according to the (commands of) the Book of Allāh and the sunnah of His Prophet (peace be upon him and his progeny). Certainly, this will be a great source of reward for you and a means to secure guidance, if Allāh so wills.

Extrait d’une recommandation adressée à celui qu’il chargeait de percevoir l’aumône légale

Agis dans la crainte de Dieu seul, sans rien lui associer. Ne cause pas d’appréhension à un musulman et ne le rencontre pas malgré lui. Ne prends que la part légale de son argent. Si tu descends dans une agglomération tiens-toi tranquille à côté de l’eau, sans entrer dans les maisons. Avec tranquillité et respect approche-toi des gens, salue-les avec profusion et dis: «Serviteurs de Dieu, l’ami de Dieu et Son Calife m’a envoyé chez vous pour prendre les droits de Dieu. Y a-t-il dans vos biens un droit légal que vous devez donner au Calife ?»

Si l’un disait non, ne lui répète pas la question. Et si quelqu’un dit oui, pars avec lui sans lui faire peur, ni le menacer, ni lui imposer plus qu’il ne peut, et prends de lui l’or ou l’argent qu’il te donne. S’il possède du bétail et des chameaux, ne tes impose pas qu’après son autorisation. Ne sois ni autoritaire, ni violent. N’effarouche pas les bêtes et ne les effraie pas d’une manière qui fait fâcher le propriétaire.

Partitionne le troupeau et invite le propriétaire à choisir librement la part qu’il veut. De nouveau, partitionne ta part en deux moitiés et demande-lui de choisir librement sa part. Continue de la sorte pour qu’il te reste la part de Dieu sur sa fortune. S’il se croît lésé, refait les opérations de partage.

Ne prends pas des bêtes âgées, décrépites, aux membres cassés, trop maigres ou ayant un défaut. Pour les conduire à destination, aie recours à un bon musulman qui en aura pitié pour les faire parvenir à qui de droit. Cet homme devrait être sincère, compatissant, loyal et consciencieux, et devrait conduire le troupeau de Dieu sans le faire amaigrir de fatigue ou de violence. Puis envoie-nous ce que tu auras rassemblé afin d’eu user selon les ordres de Dieu.

Et lorsque ton homme de confiance s’en charge, disl-ui de ne pas séparer une chamelle de son chamelet, de ne pas la traire complètement en privant son petit de lait, de ne pas la monter et la fatiguer mais de balancer ses charges avec d’autres chamelles. Qu’il fait reposer la bête trop fatiguée, qu’il prend soin de celle blessée dans l’une de ses pattes ou qui boite. Que ton homme fasse abreuver les bêtes chaque fois qu’elles passent à côté des mares d’eau, qu’il ne les éloigne pas des pâturages, qu’ils les reposent après des heures de marche, qu’il ralentisse le pas lors-qu’elles côtoient de l’eau et des herbes, afin qu’elles arrivent- avec la permission de Dieu - grasses et bedonnantes, ni lasses ni éreintées, et que nous les partagions selon le Livre de Dieu et la Sounm de Son Prophète. Cela te donnera la plus grande récompense et te rapprochera du droit chemin, si Dieu le veut.

Nahj al-Balāgha

Book 2, Chapter 25