Creation of Universe

Age of Ignorance, Household of Muhammad, hypocrites

Shaqshaqiya (literally, "roar of the camel"), in which Alī lays out his claim to the caliphate and his superiority over his predecessors

His far-sightedness and his steadfastness in Islam

When Abbas and Abu Sufyan offered to pay allegiance to him for the caliphate after Muhammad''s death

On being advised not to chase Talha and Zubayr for fighting

The hypocrites

About Zubayr at a time for which it was appropriate

Cowardice of his enemies in the Battle of the Camel

Talha and Zubayr

When he gave the standard of the Battle of the Camel to his son Mohammad

When, after his victory in the Battle of the Camel, one of his comrades said, "I wish my brother had been present and he too would have seen what success and victory God had given you"

Condemning the people of Basra

Also in condemnation of the people of Basra

After resuming the land grants made by Uthman

Delivered when the people of Madina swore allegiance to him

About those who sit for dispensation of justice among people but are not fit for it

In disparagement of contradictory views among Muslim jurists

Treachery and hypocrisy of al-Ashath al-Kindi

Death and taking lessons from it

Advice to keep light in this world

About those who accused him of killing Uthman

Keeping aloof from envy, and good behavior towards kin

Exhorting people for jihad

When his men were overpowered by Muawiya''s men

People after Muhammad''s death, the settlement between Muawiya and Amr ibn al-As

The transient nature of this world and importance of the next world

About those who found pretexts at the time of jihad

In connection with Uthman''s killing

Before the Battle of the Camel, he sent Ibn Abbas to Zubayr to advise him back to obedience

Disparagement of the world and categories of people

At the time of setting for the Battle of the Camel

Exhorting people to fight against the people of Syria

After arbitration

Warning the people of Nahrawan of their fate

His steadfastness and precedence in Islam

In disparagement of those in doubt

In disparagement of those who shrink from fighting

In response to the slogan of Kharijites: "Judgment belongs to God alone"

In condemnation of treason

Heart''s desires and hopes

In response to a suggestion of war

When Masqala defected to Syria

The greatness of God and the lowliness of this world

When he decided to march towards Syria

Calamities befalling Kufa

At the time of marching towards Syria

God''s greatness and sublimity

Admixture of right and wrong

When his men were prevented from taking water from the River Euphrates

Reward and punishment in the next world

On the description of the Day of Sacrifice

On the swear of allegiance

When his men showed impatience on his delay in giving them permission to fight in Siffin

Steadiness on the battlefield

Muawiya swallows whatever he gets and craves for what he does not get

Addressing the Kharijites

When he was told that the Kharijites had crossed the bridge of Nahrawan

When he was told that the Kharijites had been totally annihilated

Do not fight the Kharijites after me!

When he was warned of being killed by deceit

Transience of this world

Decline and destruction of this world

Attributes of God

Ways of fighting

On hearing the account of what took place in Saqifah of Bani-Sa''ida

When Mohammad ibn Abi Bakr, governor of Egypt, was overpowered and killed

Admonishing his companions for careless behavior

In the morning of the day he was fatally struck with a sword

In condemnation of the people of Iraq

Praise for Muhammad

When Hasan and Husayn interceded on behalf of Marwan

When the elective committee (or shura) decided to swear allegiance to Uthman

When he learned that the Umayyads blamed him for killing Uthman

Preaching and counseling

Banu Umayyad

One of his supplications

Prophecy of astrologers

Shortcomings of women

Way of preaching and counseling

World and its people

Al-Gharra (literally, "the brilliant"), in which Ali enjoined people to piety

Amr ibn al-As

Perfection of God and counseling

Preparing for the hereafter by following God''s commandments

Faithful and unfaithful believers

Factions of community

Holy Prophet

God''s attributes and some advice

Al-Ashbaah (literally, "the skeletons"), in which Ali talked about the creation of the universe

When people decided to swear allegiance to him after the murder of Uthman

Annihilation of the Kharijites, mischief mongering of the Umayyads, vastness of his own knowledge

God''s praise and eulogy of the prophets

Age of Ignorance and Muhammad''s efforts to disseminate God''s message

In eulogy of Muhammad

Admonishing his companions

Oppression of the Umayyads

Abstinence of the world and vicissitudes of time

Muhammad and his descendants

ومن كلام له (عليه السلام) في أصحابه وأصحاب رسول الله (صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم)

وَلَئِنْ أَمْهَلَ اللهُ الظَّالِمَ فَلَنْ يَفُوتَ أَخْذُهُ، وَهُوَ لَهُ بَالمِرْصَادِ عَلَى مَجَازِ طَرِيقِهِ، وَبِمَوْضعِ الشَّجَا مِنْ مَسَاغِ رِيقِهِ. أَمَا وَالَّذِي نَفْسِي بِيَدِهِ، لَيَظْهَرَنَّ هؤُلاَءِ الْقَوْمُ عَلَيْكُمْ، لَيْسَ لاِنَّهُمْ أَوْلَى بِالْحَقِّ مِنْكُمْ، وَلكِنْ لاِسْرَاعِهِمْ إِلَى بَاطِلِ صَاحِبِهِمْ، وَإِبْطَائِكُمْ عَنْ حَقِّي. وَلَقَدْ أَصْبَحَتِ الاْمَمُ تَخَافُ ظُلْمَ رُعَاتِهَا، وَأَصْبَحْتُ أَخَافُ ظُلْمَ رَعِيَّتِي.

Although Allāh gives time to the oppressor His catch would not spare him. Allāh watches him on the passage of his way and the position of that which suffocates the throats. By Allāh in Whose power my life lies, these people (Mu‘āwiyah and his men) will overcome you not because they have a better right than you but because of their hastening towards the wrong with their leader and your slowness about my right (to be followed). People are afraid of the oppression of their rulers while I fear the oppression of my subjects.

وَلَقَدْ أَصْبَحَتِ الاْمَمُ تَخَافُ ظُلْمَ رُعَاتِهَا، وَأَصْبَحْتُ أَخَافُ ظُلْمَ رَعِيَّتِي. اسْتَنْفَرْتُكُمْ لِلْجِهَادِ فَلَمْ تَنْفِرُوا، وَأَسْمَعْتُكُمْ فَلَمْ تَسْمَعُوا، وَدَعَوْتُكُمْ سِرّاً وَجَهْراً فَلَمْ تَسْتَجِيبُوا، وَنَصَحْتُ لَكُمْ فَلَمْ تَقْبَلُوا. شُهُودٌ كَغُيَّاب، وَعَبِيدٌ كَأَرْبَاب! أَتْلُوا عَلَيْكُمُ الْحِكَمَ فَتَنْفِرُونَ مِنْهَا، وَأَعِظُكُمْ بِالمَوْعِظَةِ الْبَالِغَةِ فَتَتَفَرَّقُونَ عَنْهَا، وَأَحُثُّكُمْ عَلَى جِهَادِ أَهْلِ الْبَغْيِ فَمَا آتِي عَلَى آخِرِ قَوْلي حَتَّى أَرَاكُمْ مُتفَرِّقِينَ أَيَادِيَ سَبَا، تَرْجِعُونَ إِلى مَجَالِسِكُمْ، وَتَتَخَادَعُونَ عَنْ مَوَاعِظِكُمْ، أُقَوِّمُكُمْ غُدْوَةً، وَتَرْجِعُونَ إِلَيَّ عَشِيَّةً، كَظَهْرِ الْحَنِيَّةِ، عَجَزَ الْمُقَوِّمُ، وَأَعْضَلَ الْمُقَوَّمُ.

I called you for war but you did not come. I warned you but you did not listen. I called you secretly as well as openly, but you did not respond. I gave you sincere counsel, but you did not accept it. Are you present like the absent, and slaves like masters? I recite before you points of wisdom but you turn away from them, and I advise you with far reaching advice but you disperse away from it. I rouse you for jihad against the people of revolt but before I come to the end of my speech, I see you disperse like the sons of Saba. [2] You return to your places and deceive one another by your council. I straighten you in the morning but you are back to me in the evening as curved as the back of a bow. The straightener has become weary while those to be straightened have become incorrigible.

أَيُّهَا الشَّاهِدةُ أَبْدَانُهُمْ، الْغَائِبَةُ عَنْهُمْ عُقُولُهُمْ، الْـمُخْتَلِفَةُ أَهْوَاؤُهُمْ، المُبْتَلَى بِهمْ أُمَرَاؤُهُمْ، صَاحِبُكُمْ يُطِيعُ اللهَ وَأَنْتُمْ تَعْصُونَهُ، وَصَاحِبُ أَهْلِ الشَّامِ يَعْصِي اللهَ وَهُمْ يُطِيعُونَهُ، لَوَدِدْتُ وَاللهِ أَنَّ مُعَاوِيَةَ صَارَفَني بِكُمْ صَرْفَ الدِّينَارِ بِالدِّرْهَمِ، فَأَخَذَ مِنِّي عَشَرَةً مِنْكُمْ وَأَعْطَانِي رَجُلاً مِنْهُمْ!

O those whose bodies are present but wits are absent, and whose wishes are scattered. Their rulers are on trial. Your leader obeys Allāh but you disobeyed him while the leader of the people of Syria (ash-Shām) disobeys Allāh but they obey him. By Allāh, I wish Mu‘āwiyah exchanges with me like Dinars with Dirhams, so that he takes from me ten of you and give me one from them.

يَاأَهْلَ الْكُوفَةِ، مُنِيتُ مِنْكُمْ بِثَلاَث وَاثنَتَيْنِ: صُمٌّ ذَوُوأَسْمَاع، وَبُكُمٌ ذَوُوكَلاَم، وَعُمْيٌ ذَوُوأَبْصَار، لاَ أَحْرَارُ صِدْق عِنْدَ اللِّقَاءِ، وَلاَ إِخْوَانُ ثِقَة عِنْدَ الْبَلاَءِ! تَرِبَتْ أَيْدِيكُمْ! يَا أَشْبَاهَ الاِْبِلِ غَابَ عَنْهَا رُعَاتُهَا! كُلَّمَا جُمِعَتْ مِنْ جَانِب تَفَرَّقَتْ مِنْ آخَرَ، وَاللهِ لَكَأَنِّي بِكُمْ فِيَما إخالُ : لَوْ حَمِسَ الْوَغَى، وَحَمِيَ الضِّرَابُ، قَدِ انْفَرَجْتُمْ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبي طَالِب انْفِرَاجَ الْمَرْأَةِ عَنْ قُبُلِهَا، وَإِنِّي لَعَلَى بَيِّنَة مِنْ رَبِّي، وَمِنْهَاج مِنْ نَبِيِّي، وَإِنِّي لَعَلَى الطَّرِيقِ الْوَاضِحِ أَلْقُطُهُ لَقْطاً.

O people of Kūfah, I have experienced in you three things and two others : you are deaf in spite of having ears, dumb in spite of speaking, and blind in spite of having eyes. You are neither true supporters in combat nor dependable brothers in distress. Your hands may be soiled with earth. O examples of those camels whose herdsman has disappeared, if they are collected together from one side they disperse from the other. By Allāh, I see you in my imagination that if war becomes intense and action is in full swing you would run away from the son of Abī Ṭālib like the woman who becomes naked in the front. I am certainly on clear guidance from my Lord (Allāh) and on the path of my Prophet and I am on the right path which I adhere to regularly.

[أصحاب رسول الله] انْظُرُوا أَهْلَ بَيْتِ نَبِيِّكُمْ فَالْزَمُوا سَمْتَهُمْ، وَاتَّبِعُوا أَثَرَهُمْ فَلَنْ يُخْرِجُوكُمْ مِنْ هُدىً، وَلَنْ يُعِيدُوكُمْ فِي رَدىً، فَإِنْ لَبَدُوا فَالْبُدُوا، وَإِنْ نَهَضُوا فَانْهَضُوا، وَلاَ تَسْبِقُوهُمْ فَتَضِلُّوا، وَلاَ تَتَأَخَّرُوا عَنْهُمْ فَتَهْلِكُوا.

[About the Companions of the Holy Prophet] Look at the people of the Prophet’s family. Adhere to their direction. Follow their footsteps because they would never let you out of guidance, and never throw you into destruction. If they sit down, you sit down, and if they rise up you rise up. Do not go ahead of them, as you would thereby go astray and do not lag behind of them as you would thereby be ruined.

لَقَدْ رَأَيْتُ أَصْحَابَ مُحَمَّد (صلى الله عليه وآله)، فَمَا أَرَى أَحَداً يُشْبِهُهُمْ مِنْكُمْ! لَقَدْ كَانُوا يُصْبِحُونَ شُعْثاً غُبْراً، قَدْ بَاتُوا سُجّداً وَقِيَاماً، يُرَاوِحُونَ بَيْنَ جِبَاهِهِمْ وَخُدُودِهِمْ، وَيَقِفُونَ عَلَى مِثْلِ الْجَمْرِ مِنْ ذِكْرِ مَعَادِهِمْ! كَأَنَّ بَيْنَ أَعْيُنهِمْ رُكَبَ الْمِعْزَى مِنْ طُولِ سُجُودِهِمْ! إِذَا ذُكِرَ اللهُ هَمَلَتْ أَعْيُنُهُمْ حَتَّى تَبُلَّ جُيُوبَهُمْ، وَمَادُوا كَمَا يَمِيدُ الشَّجَرُ يَوْمَ الرِّيحِ الْعَاصِفِ، خَوْفاً مِنَ الْعِقَابِ، وَرَجَاءً لِلثَّوَابِ!

I have seen the companions of the Prophet but I do not find anyone resembling them. They began the day with dust on the hair and face (in hardship of life) and passed the night in prostration and standing in prayers. Sometimes they put down their foreheads and sometimes their cheeks. With the recollection of their resurrection it seemed as though they stood on live coal. It seemed that in between their eyes there were signs like knees of goats, resulting from long prostrations. When Allāh was mentioned their eyes flowed freely till their shirt collars were drenched. They trembled for fear of punishment and hope of reward as the tree trembles on the day of stormy wind.

Extrait d’un discours où U parle de ses compagnons et ceux de PEnvoyé de Dieu

Si Dieu donne un délai à l’inique II ne tardera pas à le prendre. Il l’attend au tournant de son chemin, là où II fait entrer des os dims son œsophage. Par celui qui tient ma vie entre Ses mains, ces gens l'emporteront sur vous, non parce qu’ils sont dans leur droit mieux que vous, mais à cause de la vitesse avec laquelle ils répondent à l’iniquité de leur chef (Mou’awiyat], et de la nonchalance avec laquelle vous défendez mon droit. Les peuples craignent aujourd’hui le despotisme de leurs dirigeants, et me voilà craignant l’iniquité de mes gouvernés.

Je vous ai convoqué au Jihad et vous ai demandé d’entendre raison, mais vous n’avez rien entendu, Je vous ai invité secrètement et à haute voix et vous n’avez pas répondu; je vous ai conseillé et vous n’avez pas accepté. Etes-vous présents-absents, à la manière des esclaves qui veulent valoir plus que les maîtres? Je vous récite de sages paroles, mais vous en avez de l’aversion! Je vous exhorte éloquemment, mais vous n’en tenez pas compte! Je vous incite à combattre les gens de l’iniquité, et avant que je ne termine mon discours je vous vois dispersés, rentrant chez vous; et vous vous laissant leurrer par vos critiques. Je vous redresse le matin et vous me revenez tous le soir, tordus comme un arc. Celui qui vous redresse est devenu impuissant.

O gens dont les corps sont présents, les intelligences absentes et les passions en désaccord, vous êtes une calamité pour vos dirigeants. Votre compagnon [‘Ali] obéit à Dieu Auquel vous désobéissez. Le chef des gens de Cham [Mou'awiyat] désobéit à Dieu et ses hommes lui obéissent. Par Dieu, j’aimerais qu’il échange dix de vous contre un seul de ses hommes!

O gens de Koufa, vous m’avez éprouvé trois et deux fois: lorsque vous avez l’ouïe et vous faites les sourds, lorsque vous avez la langue et vous faites les muets, lorsque vous avez des yeux et vous faites les aveugles, lorsque vous n’agissez pas comme des hommes libres durant les discussions et que vous n’êtes pas dignes de confiance dans radversité! Que vos mains se remplissent de terre! Vous êtes semblables à des chameaux qui auraient perdu leurs bergers! Chaque fois qu’on les assemble d’un côté ils se dispersent de l’autre. Par Dieu, vous êtes comme je me vous représente: Quand la guerre s’enflamme et la bataille fait rage vous vous écartez de 'Ali Ibn Abi Taleb comme la femme qui écarte ses jambes lors de l’accouchement [allusion à leur incapacité et leur bassesse]. J’ai la certitude d’agir selon les ordres de Dieu et d’être sur la voie de notre Prophète, je suis sur le chemin droit...

[Les compagnons de PEnvové de Dieu :] Observez les membres de la maison de votre Prophète, imitez-les et suivez leurs pas, car ils ne vous écarteront pas du droit chemin et ne vous conduiront jamais vers le trépas. S’ils ne se soulèvent pas, restez comme eux inactifs; s’ils se lèvent, levez-vous avec eux. Me les devancez pas pour ne pas errer et ne vous attardez pas pour ne pas subir le malheur.

J’ai vu les compagnons de Mouhammad, que son nom et celui des siens soient bénis, et je ne vois aucun de vous qui leur ressemblerait! Ils étaient épuisés chaque matin car ils passaient la nuit en génuflexions, touchant le sol tantôt avec leurs fronts et tantôt avec leurs joues. S’ils étaient debout, c’était comme s’ils foulaient la braise avec leurs pieds, dans l’attente de leur rencontre avec Dieu! La callosité entre leurs yeux est devenue aussi dure que celle des genoux d’une chèvre, à force de se prosterner, Leurs larmes coulaient jusqu’à mouiller leurs poches lorsque le nom de Dieu est cité devant eux. Tout comme un arbre livré à la tempête, ils tremblaient par crainte du châtiment et dans l’espoir de la récompense.

Nahj al-Balāgha

Book 1, Chapter 97