ومن خطبة له (عليه السلام) في مقاصد أخرى

Advice about fear of Allāh, and an account of those who remain apprehensive of death and adopt abstemiousness

فَإِنَّ تَقْوَى اللهِ مِفْتَاحُ سَدَاد، وَذَخِيرَةُ مَعَاد، وَعِتْقٌ منْ كلِّ مَلَكَة، وَنَجَاةٌ مِنْ كلِّ هَلَكَة، بِهَا يَنْجَحُ الطَّالِبُ، وَيَنْجُوا الْهَارِبُ، وَتُنَالُ الرَّغَائِبُ.

Certainly, fear of Allāh is the key to guidance, provision for the next world, freedom from every slavery and deliverance from all ruin. With its help the seeker succeeds and he who makes for safety escapes and achieves his aims.

[فضل العمل :] فَاعْمَلُوا وَالْعَمَلُ يُرْفَعُ، وَالتَّوْبَةُ تَنْفَعُ، وَالدُّعَاءُ يُسْمَعُ، وَالْحَالُ هَادِئَةٌ، وَالاْقْلامُ جَارِيَةٌ. وَبَادِرُوا بِالاْعْمَالِ عُمُراً نَاكسِاً، أَوْ مَرَضاً حَابِساً، أَوْ مَوْتاً خَالِساً، فَإِنَّ الْمَوْتَ هَادِمُ لَذَّاتِكُمْ، وَمُكَدِّرُ شَهَوَاتِكُمْ، وَمُبَاعِدُ طِيَّاتِكُمْ،

Perform (good) acts while such acts are being raised (up to Allāh), while repentance can be of benefit, prayer can be heard, conditions are peaceful and the pens (of the two angels) are in motion (to record the actions). Hasten towards (virtuous) actions before the change of age (to oldness), lingering illness or snatching death (overtakes you). Certainly, death will end your enjoyments, mar your pleasures and remove your objectives.

زَائِرٌ غَيْرُ مَحْبُوب، وَقِرْنٌ غَيْرُ مَغْلُوب، وَوَاترٌ غَيْرُ مَطْلُوب، قَدْ أَعْلَقَتْكُمْ حَبَائِلُهُ، وَتَكَنَّفَتْكُمْ غَوَائِلُهُ، وَأَقْصَدَتْكُمْ مَعَابِلُهُ، وَعَظُمَتْ فِيكُمْ سَطْوَتُهُ، وَتَتَابَعَتْ عَلَيْكُمْ عَدْوَتُهُ، وَقَلَّتْ عَنْكُمْ نَبْوَتُهُ.

It is an unwanted visitor, an invincible adversary and an unaccounting killer. Its ropes have entrapped you, its evils have surrounded you, its arrowheads have aimed at you, its sway over you is great, its oppression on you is continuous and the chance of its missing you is remote.

فَيُوشِكُ أَنْ تَغْشَاكُمْ دَوَاجِى ظُلَلِهِ، وَاحْتِدَامُ عِلَلِهِ، وَحَنَادِسُ غَمَرَاتِهِ، وَغَوَاشِي سَكَرَاتِهِ، وَأَلِيمُ إِرْهَاقِهِ، وَدُجُوُّ أَطْبَاقِهِ، وَجُشُوبَةُ مَذَاقِهِ؛

Very soon you will be overwhelmed with the gloom of its shades, the severity of its illness, the darkness of its distresses, the nonsense utterances of its pangs, the grief of its destruction, the darkness of its encompassment and the unwholesomeness of its taste.

فَكَأَنْ قَدْ أَتْاكُمْ بَغْتَةً فَأَسْكَتَ نَجِيَّكُمْ، وَفَرَّقَ نَدِيَّكُمْ، وَعَفَّى آثَارَكُمْ، وَعَطَّلَ دِيَارَكُمْ، وَبَعَثَ وُرَّاثَكُمْ، يَقْتَسِمُونَ تُرَاثَكُمْ، بَيْنَ حَمِيم خَاصٍّ لَمْ يَنْفَعْ، وَقَرِيب مَحْزُون لَمْ يَمْنَعْ، وَآخَرَ شَامِت لَمْ يَجْزَعْ.

It will seem as if it has come to you all of a sudden, silenced those who were whispering to you, separated your group, destroyed your doings, devastated your houses and altered your successors to distribute your estate among the chief relatives, who did not give you any benefit, or the grieved near ones who could not protect (you), or those rejoicers who did not lament (you).

[فضل الجد :] فَعَلَيْكُمْ بِالْجِدِّ وَالاجْتِهَادِ، وَالتَّأَهُّبِ وَالاسْتِعْدَادِ، وَالتَّزَوُّدِ فِي مَنْزِلِ الزَّادِ. وَلاَ تَغُرَّنَّكُمُ الدُّنْيَا كَمَا غَرَّتْ مَنْ كَانَ قَبْلَكُمْ مِنَ الاْمَمِ الْمَاضِيَةِ، وَالْقُرُونِ الْخَالِيَةِ، الَّذِينَ احْتَلَبُوا دِرَّتَهَا، وَأصَابُوا غِرَّتَهَا، وَأَفْنَوْا عِدَّتَهَا، وَأَخْلَقُوا جِدَّتَهَا،

Therefore, it is upon you to strive, make effort, equip yourself, get ready and provide yourself from the place of provision. And let not the life of this world deceive you as it deceived those before you among the past people and by-gone periods -- those who extracted its milk, benefited from its neglectfulness, passed a long time and turned its new things into old (by living long).

وَأَصْبَحَتْ مَسَاكِنُهُمْ أَجْدَاثاً، وَأَمْوَالُهُمْ مِيرَاثاً، لاَ يَعْرِفُونَ مَنْ أَتَاهُمْ، وَلاَ يَحْفِلُونَ مَنْ بَكَاهُمْ، وَلاَ يُجِيبُونَ مَنْ دَعَاهُمْ. فَاحْذَرُوا الدُّنْيَا فَإِنَّهَا غَرَّارَةٌ خَدُوعٌ، مُعْطِيَةٌ مَنُوعٌ، مُلْبِسَةٌ نَزُوعٌ، لاَ يَدُومُ رَخَاؤُهَا، وَلاَ يَنْقَضِي عَنَاؤُهَا، وَلاَ يَرْكُدُ بَلاَؤُهَا.

Their abodes turned into graves and their wealth into inheritable estate. They do not know who came to them (at their graves); do not pay heed to those who weep over them, and do not respond to those who call them. Therefore, beware of this world as it is treacherous, deceitful and cheating, it gives and takes back, covers with clothes and uncovers. Its pleasure does not last, its hardship does not end and its calamity does not stop.

[و منها في صفة الزهاد :] كَانُوا قَوْماً مِنْ أَهْلِ الدُّنْيَا وَلَيْسُوا مِنْ أَهْلِهَا، فَكَانُوا فِيهَا كَمَنْ لَيْسَ مِنْهَا، عَمِلُوا فِيهَا بَمَا يُبْصِرُونَ، وَبَادَرُوا فِيهَا مَا يَحْذَرُونَ، تَقَلَّبُ أَبْدَانُهُمْ بَيْنَ ظَهْرَانَيْ أَهْلِ الاْخِرَةِ، يَرَوْنَ أَهْلَ الدُّنْيَا يُعَظِّمُونَ مَوْتَ أَجْسَادِهِمْ وَهُمْ أَشدُّ إِعْظَاماً لِمَوْتِ قُلُوبِ أَحْيَائِهِمْ.

[A part of the same sermon about ascetics :] They are from among the people of this world but are not its people, because they remain in it as though they do not belong to it. They act herein on what they observe and hasten here in (to avoid) what they fear. Their bodies move among the people of the next world. They see that the people of this world attach importance to the death of their bodies but they themselves attach more importance to the death of the hearts of those who are living.

La crainte de Dieu est la clé de ce qui est juste, la munition de la vie future, l’affranchissement de toute mauvaise habitude et le salut de toute perdition. Elle fait réussir celui qui demande, sauver le fuyard et accomplir les désirs.

[Les mérites du travail :] Travaillez lorsque votre travail est acceptable, votre repentir utile, votre prière exaucée, les conditions favorables et les crayons enregistrent vos bonnes actions. Devancez par les actions vos âges qui se terminent par la mort, la maladie qui vous paralyse ou la mort subite. Car la mort démolit vos plaisirs, trouble vos passions et abolit vos projets de voyage.

C’est un visiteur non aimé, un rival invincible et un tracasseur importun. Ses filets vous ont accrochés, ses grands malheurs vous ont entourés, ses lances vous ont tués, ses assauts vous ont meurtris, ses agressions vous ont suivis et c’est très rare qu’il manque ses coups contre vous.

Il s’en faut de peu que vous ne soyez entourés par les ténèbres de ses nuages, la fièvre de ses maux, l’obscurité de ses malheurs, l’étourdissement de son agonie, la douleur de ses oppressions, les couvercles de son obscurité et la grossièreté de sa saveur.

Il semble qu'il vous vient subitement pour faire taire vos confidences, disperser vos réunions, effacer vos traces, ruiner vos habitations, faire surgir vos héritiers pour partager votre patrimoine. Il y en a parmi eux des amis qui ne sont plus d’aucune utilité, des parents tristes qui n’ont pu rien faire et d’autres parents se réjouissant sans peur de votre mort.

[Les mérites de l’assiduité :] Soyez assidus et appliqués dans vos œuvres, soyez prêts pour la mort et approvisionnez-vous tant que vous êtes encore dans la demeure terrestre. Ne vous laissez-vous leurrés par la vie d’ici bas comme ont été dupes les nations et les générations d’autan, qui ont trait son lait, ont été atteints par sa brusquerie, ont vécu le nombre de ses jours et rendu ses nouveautés antiques et usées.

Leurs demeures sont devenues des tombeaux et leurs biens un héritage. Ils ne savent pas qui les a visités, ne prêtent pas attention à ceux qui les ont pleurés et ne répondent pas à celui qui les appelle. Méfiez-vous du monde, car il est trompeur, fallacieux et séducteur. Il refuse de donner et déshabille ceux qui sont vêtus. Son bien-être ne dure pas. Ses peines ne s’allègent pas et ses malheurs ne s’apaisent pas.

Nahj al-Balāgha

Chapter #230