ومن خطبة له (عليه السلام) يصف جوهر الرسول، ويصف العلماء ويعظ بالتقوى

وَأَشْهَدُ أَنَّهُ عَدْلٌ عَدَلَ، وَحَكَمٌ فَصَلَ، وَأَشْهَدُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّداً عَبْدُهُ وَرَسُولُهُ، وَسَيِّدُ عِبَادِهِ، كُلَّمَا نَسَخَ اللهُ الْخَلْقَ فِرْقَتَيْنِ جَعَلَهُ فِي خَيْرِهِمَا، لَمْ يُسْهِمْ فِيهِ عَاهِرٌ، وَلاَ ضَرَبَ فِيهِ فَاجِرٌ.

I stand witness that He is just and does justice; He is the arbiter Who decides (between right and wrong). I also stand witness that Muḥammad is His slave. His Messenger and the Chief of His creatures. Whenever Allāh divided the line of descent, He put him in the better one, and therefore, no evil-doer ever shared with him nor was any vicious person his partner.

أَلاَ وإِنَّ اللهَ جَعَلَ لِلْخَيْرِ أَهْلاً، وَلِلْحَقِّ دَعَائِمَ، وَلِلطَّاعَةِ عِصَماً، وَإِنَّ لَكُمْ عِنْدَ كُلِّ طَاعَة عَوْناً مِنَ اللهِ يَقُولُ عَلَى الاْلْسِنَةِ، وَيُثَبِّتُ الاْفْئِدَةَ، فِيهِ كِفَاءٌ لِمُكْتَف، وَشِفَاءٌ لِمُشْتَف.

Beware! Surely Allāh, the Glorified, has provided for virtue those who are suited to it, for truth pillars (that support it), and for obedience protection (against deviation). In every matter of obedience you will find Allāh, the Glorified's succour that will speak through tongues and accord firmness to hearts. It has sufficiency for those who seek sufficiency, and a cure for those who seek cure.

[صفة العلماء :] وَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّ عِبَادَ اللهِ الْمُسْتَحْفَظِينَ عِلْمَهُ، يَصُونُونَ مَصُونَهُ، وَيُفَجِّرُونَ عُيُونَهُ، يَتَوَاصَلُونَ بِالْوِلاَيَةِ، وَيَتَلاَقَوْنَ بالْـمَحَبَّةِ، وَيَتَسَاقَوْنَ بِكَأْس رَوِيَّة، وَيَصْدُرُونَ بِرِيَّة، لاَ تَشُوبُهُمُ الرِّيبَةُ، وَلاَ تُسْرِعُ فِيهِمْ الْغِيبَةُ. عَلَى ذلِكَ عَقَدَ خَلْقَهُمْ وَأَخْلاَقَهُمْ، فَعَلَيْهِ يَتَحَابُّونَ، وَبِهِ يَتَوَاصَلُونَ، فَكَانُوا كَتَفَاضُلِ الْبَذْرِ يُنْتَقَى، فَيُوْخَذُ مِنْهُ وَيُلْقَى، قَد مَيَّزَهُ التَّخْلِيصُ، وَهذَّبَهُ الـتَّمْحيصُ.

[The characteristics of the virtuous whose guidance must be followed :] Know that, certainly, those creatures of Allāh who preserve His knowledge offer protection to those things which He desires to be protected and make His springs flow (for the benefit of others). They contact each other with friendliness and meet each other with affection. They drink water from cups that quench the thirst and return from the watering places fully satiated. Misgiving does not affect them and backbiting does not gain ground with them. In this way Allāh has tied their nature with good manners. Because of this they love each other and meet each other. They have become superior, like seeds which are selected by taking some and throwing away others. This selection has distinguished them and the process of choosing has purified them.

[العظة بالتقوى :] فَلْيَقْبَلِ امْرُؤٌ كَرَامَةً بِقَبُولِهَا، وَلْيَحْذَرْ قَارِعَةً قَبْلَ حُلُولِهَا، وَلْيَنْظُرِ امْرُؤٌ فِي قَصِيرِ أَيَّامِهِ، وَقَلِيلِ مُقَامِهِ، فِي مَنْزِل حَتَّى يَسْتَبْدِلَ بِهِ مَنْزِلاً، فَلْيَصْنَعْ لِمُتَحَوَّلِهِ، وَمَعَارِفِ مُنْتَقَلِهِ.

Therefore, man should secure honour by adopting these qualities. He should fear the day of Doom before it arrives, and he should appreciate the shortness of his life and the shortness of his sojourn in the place of stay which has only to last for his change over to the next place. He should therefore do something for his change over and for the known stages of his departure.

فَطُوبَى لِذِي قَلْب سَلِيم، أَطَاعَ مَنْ يَهْدِيهِ، وَتَجَنَّبَ مَنْ يُرْدِيهِ، وَأَصَابَ سَبِيلَ السَّلاَمَةِ بِبَصَرِ مَنْ بَصَّرَهُ، وَطَاعَةِ هَاد أَمَرَهُ، وَبَادَرَ الْهُدى قَبْلَ أَنْ تُغْلَقَ أَبْوَابُهُ، وَتُقْطَعَ أَسْبَابُهُ، وَاسْتَفْتَحَ التَّوْبَةَ، وَأَمَاطَ الْحَوْبَةَ، فَقَدْ أُقِيمَ عَلَى الطَّرِيقِ، وَهُدِيَ نَهْجَ السَّبِيلِ.

Blessed be he who possesses a virtuous heart, obeys one who guides him, keeps away from one who takes him to ruin, catches the path of safety with the help of him who provides him light (of guidance) and by obeying the leader who commands him, hastens towards guidance before its doors are closed, gets open the door of repentance and removes the (stain of) sins. He has certainly been put on the right path and guided towards the straight road.

Je témoigne que Dieu est juste dans ses jugements et un arbitre équitable, et que Mouhammad est Son serviteur, Son Messager et le maître de Ses serviteurs...

Dieu a créé les défenseurs du bien, les soutiens de la vérité et les secoureurs de l'obéissance. Chaque fois que vous obéissez Dieu vous aidera dans vos paroles et affermira vos cœurs...

[Les attributs des savants :] Sachez que les serviteurs de Dieu, chez lesquels II a déposé la science pour qu’ils la retiennent, préservent le dépôt de la science divine qu’ils divulguent partout. Ils se communiquent en amis sincères, se réunissent aimablement, s’offrent mutuellement à boire la coupe de l’entente, après quoi ils reviennent désaltérés, prémunis contre le doute et la médisance. C’est ainsi que Dieu forma le naturel des ces savants de telle sorte qu’ils aiment les uns les autres en Lui avec Lequel ils communiquent. Ils sont comme les meilleurs grains choisis pour être semés. Après ce choix et leurs expériences, la meilleure partie sera tirée de ces savants.

[Le prêche de la piété :] Qu’un homme ait la noblesse de suivre le conseil, qu’il prenne garde de la mort avant son arrivée, qu’il considère que ses jours sont peu nombreux et que son séjour sur la terre est de courte durée. Dès qu’il se trouve dans une demeure il sera trans- féré à une autre. Qu’il agisse donc en connaissance de cause d'après les conditions de cette nouvelle demeure.

Heureux celui qui possède un cœur sain, qui obéit à celui qui le dirige, évite ce qui le tue, retrouve la voie de la paix par les yeux de son conseiller et celle de l’obéissance par la voix de celui qui le guide. Heureux celui qui marche sur la voie de la guidance avant que ses portes ne soient fermées et qu’il devienne impossible de la suivre, celui qui ouvre la porte de son âme au repentir et éloigne de lui le péché. Celui-ci suit la bonne voie.

Nahj al-Balāgha

Chapter #214