ومن خطبة له (عليه السلام) في قدرة الله وفي فضل القرآن وفي الوصية بالتقوى

الْحَمْدُ لله الْمَعْرُوفِ مِنْ غَيْرِ رُؤْيَة، وَالْخَالِقِ مِنْ غَيْرِ مَنْصَبَة، خَلَقَ الْخَلاَئِقَ بِقُدْرَتِهِ، وَاسْتَعْبَدَ الاْرْبَابَ بِعِزَّتِهِ، وَسَادَ الْعُظَمَاءَ بِجُودِهِ، وَهُوَ الَّذِي أَسْكَنَ الدُّنْيَا خَلْقَهُ، وَبَعَثَ إِلَى الْجِنِّ وَالاْنْسِ رُسُلَهُ، لِيَكْشِفُوا لَهُمْ عَنْ غِطَائِهَا، وَلِيُحَذِّرُوهُمْ مِنْ ضَرَّائِهَا، وَلِيَضْرِبُوا لَهُمْ أَمْثَالَهَا، وَلِيُبَصِّرُوهُم عُيُوبَهَا، وَلِيَهْجُمُوا عَلَيْهِمْ بِمُعْتَبَر مِنْ تَصَرُّفِ مَصَاحِّهَا وَأَسْقَامِهَا، وَحَلاَلِهَا وحَرَامِهَا، وَمَا أَعَدَّ سُبْحَانَهُ لِلْمُطِيعِينَ مِنْهُمْ وَالْعُصَاةِ مِنْ جَنَّة وَنَار، وَكَرَامَة وَهَوَان. أَحْمَدُهُ إِلَى نَفْسِهِ كَمَا اسْتَحْمَدَ إِلَى خَلْقِهِ، وَجَعَلَ لِكُلِّ شَيْء قَدْراً، وَلِكُلِّ قَدْر أجَلاً، وَلِكُلِّ أَجَل كِتَاباً.

Praise be to Allāh Who is recognized without being seen and Who creates without trouble. He created the creation with His Might, and receives the devotion of rulers by virtue of His dignity. He exercises superiority over great men through His generosity. It is He who made His creation to populate the world and sent towards the jinn and human beings His messengers to unveil it for them, to warn them of its harm, to present to them its examples, to show them its defects and to place before them a whole collection of matters containing lessons about the changings of health and sickness in this world, its lawful things and unlawful things and all that Allāh has ordained for the obedient and the disobedient, namely, Paradise and Hell and honour and disgrace. I extend my praise to His Being as He desires His creation to praise Him. He has fixed “for everything a measure” (65:3), for every measure a time limit, and “for every time limit a document” (13:38).

[منها فضل القرآن :] فَالْقُرآنُ آمِرٌ زَاجِرٌ، وَصَامِتٌ نَاطِقٌ، حُجَّةُ اللهِ عَلَى خَلْقِهِ، أَخَذَ عَلَيْهِمْ مِيثاقَهُ، وَارْتَهَنَ عَلَيْهِ أَنْفُسَهُمْ، أَتَمَّ نُورَهُ، وَأكْرَمَ بِهِ دِينَهُ، وَقَبَضَ نَبِيَّهُ (صلى الله عليه وآله) وَقَدْ فَرَغَ إِلَى الْخَلْقِ مِنْ أَحكَامِ الْهُدَى بِهِ. فَعَظِّمُوا مِنهُ سُبْحَانَهُ مَا عَظَّمَ مِنْ نَفْسِهِ، فَإِنَّهُ لَمْ يُخْفِ عَنْكُمْ شَيئاً مِنْ دِينِهِ، وَلَمْ يَتْرُكْ شَيئاً رَضِيَهُ أَوْ كَرِهَهُ إِلاَّ وَجَعَلَ لَهُ عَلَماً بَادِياً، وَآيَةً مُحْكَمَةً، تَزْجُرُ عَنْهُ، أَوْ تَدْعُو إِلَيْهِ، فَرِضَاهُ فِيَما بَقِيَ وَاحِدٌ، وَسَخَطُهُ فِيَما بَقِيَ وَاحِدٌ.

[A part of the same sermon About the greatness and importance of the Holy Qur’ān :] The Qur’ān orders as well as refrains, remains silent and also speaks. It is the proof of Allāh before His creation. He has taken from them a pledge (to act) upon it. He has perfected its effulgence, and completed through it His religion. He let the Prophet leave this world when he had conveyed to the people all His commands of guidance through the Qur’ān. You should therefore regard Allāh great as He has held Himself great, because He has not concealed anything of His religion from you, nor has He left out anything which He likes or which He dislikes, but He made for it a clear emblem (of guidance) and a definite sign which either refrains from it or calls towards it. His pleasure is the same for all time to come.

وَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّهُ لَنْ يَرْضَى عَنْكُمْ بِشَيء سَخِطَهُ عَلَى مَنْ كَانَ قَبْلَكُم، وَلَنْ يَسْخَطَ عَلَيْكُمْ بِشَىْء رَضِيَهُ مِمَّنْ كَانَ قَبْلَكُمْ، وَإِنَّمَا تَسِيرُونَ فِي أَثَر بَيِّن، وَتَتَكَلَّمُونَ بِرَجْعِ قَول قَدْ قَالَهُ الرِّجَالُ مِنْ قَبْلِكُمْ، قَدْ كَفَاكُمْ مَؤُونَةَ دُنْيَاكُمْ، وَحَثَّكُمْ عَلَى الشُّكْرِ، وَافْتَرَضَ مِنْ أَلْسِنَتِكُمُ الذِّكْرَ.

You should know that He will not be pleased with you for anything for which He was displeased with those before you, and He will not be displeased with you for anything for which He was pleased with those before you. You are treading on a clear path, and are speaking the same as the people before you had spoken. Allāh is enough for your needs in this world. He has persuaded you to remain thankful, and has made it obligatory on you to mention Him with your tongues.

[الوصية بالتقوى :] وَأَوْصَاكُمْ بِالتَّقْوَى، وَجَعَلَهَا مُنْتَهَى رِضَاهُ، وَحَاجَتَهُ مِنْ خَلْقِهِ. فَاتَّقُوا اللهَ الَّذِي أَنْتُمْ بِعَيْنِهِ، وَنَوَاصِيكُمْ بِيَدِهِ، وَتَقَلُّبُكُمْ فِي قَبْضَتِهِ، إِن أَسْرَرْتُمْ عَلِمَهُ، وَإِن أَعْلَنْتُمْ كَتَبَهُ، قَدْ وَكَّلَ بِذلِكَ حَفَظَةً كِرَاماً، لاَ يُسْقِطُونَ حَقّاً، وَلاَ يُثْبِتُونَ بَاطِلاً.

[Warning against punishment on the Day of Judgement :] He has advised you to exercise fear and has made it the highest point of His pleasure and all that He requires from His creatures. You should therefore fear Allāh, who is such that you are as though just in front of Him, and your forelocks are in His grip, and your change of position is in His control. If you conceal a matter, He will know of it. If you disclose a matter, He will record it. For this He has appointed honoured guards (angels) who do not omit any rightful matter nor include anything incorrect.

وَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّهُ ﴿مَن يَتَّقِ اللهَ يَجْعَل لَّهُ مَخْرَجًا﴾ مِنَ الْفِتَنِ، وَنُوراً مِنَ الظُّلَمِ، وَيُخَلِّدْهُ فِيَما اشْتَهَتْ نَفْسُهُ، وَيُنْزِلْهُ مَنْزِلَ الْكَرَامَةِ عِنْدَهُ، فِي دَار اصْطَنَعَهَا لِنَفْسِهِ، ظِلُّهَا عَرْشُهُ، وَنُورُهَا بَهْجَتَهُ، وَزُوَّارُهَا مَلاَئِكَتُهُ، وَرُفَقَاؤُهَا رُسُلُهُ. فَبَادِرُوا الْمَعَادَ، وَسَابِقُوا الاْجَالَ، فَإِنَّ النَّاسَ يُوشِكُ أَنْ يَنْقَطِعَ بِهِمُ الاْمَلُ، وَيَرْهَقَهُمُ الاْجَلُ، وَيُسَدَّ عَنْهُمْ بَابُ التَّوْبَةِ، فَقَدْ أَصْبَحْتُمْ فِي مِثْلِ مَا سَأَلَ إِلَيْهِ الرَّجْعَةَ مَنْ كَانَ قَبْلَكُمْ، وَأَنْتُمْ بَنُو سَبِيل، عَلَى سَفَر مِنْ دَار لَيْسَتْ بِدَراِكُمْ، وَقَد أُوذِنْتُمْ مِنهَا بِالارْتِحَالِ، وَأُمِرْتُمْ فِيهَا بِالزَّادِ.

You should know that whoever fears Allāh, He would make for him a way to get out of troubles and (grant him) a light (to help him) out of darkness. He will ever keep him in what ever (condition) he wishes, and will make him stay in a position of honour near Himself, in the house which He has made for Himself. The shade of this house is His throne, its light is His effulgence, its visitors are His angels and its companions are His prophets. Therefore, hasten towards the place of return and go ahead of (your) deaths (by collecting provision for the next world). Shortly, the expectations of the people will be cut short and death will overtake them while the door of repentance will be closed for them. You are still in a place to which those who were before you have been wishing to return. In this world, which is not your house, you are just a traveller in motion. You have been given the call to leave from here, and you have been ordered to collect provision while you are here.

وَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّهُ لَيْسَ لِهذَا الْجِلْدِ الرَّقِيقِ صَبْرٌ عَلَى النَّارِ، فَارْحَمُوا نُفُوسَكُمْ، فَإِنّكُمْ قَدْ جَرَّبْتُمُوهَا فِي مَصَائِبِ الدُّنْيَا. أَفَرَأَيْتُمْ جَزَعَ أَحَدِكُمْ مِنَ الشَّوْكَةِ تُصِيبُهُ، وَالْعَثْرَةِ تُدْمِيهِ، وَالرَّمْضَاءِ تُحْرِقُهُ؟ فَكَيْفَ إِذَا كَانَ بَيْنَ طَابَقَيْنِ مِنْ نَار، ضَجِيعَ حَجَر، وَقَرِينَ شَيْطَان؟! أَعَلِمْتُمْ أَنَّ مَالِكاً إِذَا غَضِبَ عَلَى النَّارِ حَطَمَ بَعْضُهَا بَعْضَاً لِغَضَبِهِ، وَإِذَا زَجَرَهَا تَوَثَّبَتْ بَيْنَ أَبوَابِهَا جَزَعاً مِنْ زَجْرَتِهِ؟!

You should know that this thin skin cannot tolerate the Fire (of Hell). So, have pity on yourselves because you have already tried it in the tribulations of the world. Have you ever seen the crying of a person who has been pricked with a thorn or who bleeds due to stumbling or whom hot sand has burnt? How would he feel when he is between two frying pans of Hell with stones all round with Satan as his companion? Do you know that when Mālik (the guard-in-charge of Hell) is angry with the fire, its parts begin to clash with each other (in rage), and, when he scolds it, it leaps between the doors of Hell crying on account of his scolding.

أَيُّهَا الْيَفَنُ الْكَبِيرُ، الَّذِي قَدْ لَهَزَهُ الْقَتَيرُ، كَيْفَ أَنْتَ إِذَا الْتَحَمَتْ أَطْوَاقُ النَّارِ بِعِظَامِ الاْعْنَاقِ، وَنَشِبَتِ الجَوَامِعُ حَتَّى أَكَلَتْ لُحُومَ السَّوَاعِدِ؟ فَاللهَ اللهَ مَعْشَرَ الْعِبَادِ! وَأَنْتُمْ سَالِمُونَ فِي الصِّحَّةِ قَبْلَ السُّقْمِ، وَفِي الْفُسْحَةِ قَبْلَ الضِّيقِ، فَاسْعَوْا فِي فَكَاكِ رِقَابِكُمْ مِنْ قَبْلِ أَنْ تُغْلَقَ رَهَائِنُهَا، أَسْهِرُوا عُيُونَكُمْ، وَأَضْمِرُوا بُطُونَكُمْ، وَاسْتَعْمِلُوا أَقْدَامَكُمْ، وَأَنْفِقُوا أَمْوَالَكُمْ، وَخُذُوا مِنْ أَجْسَادِكُمْ تَجُودُوا بِهَا عَلَى أَنْفُسَكُمْ، وَلاَ تَبْخَلُوا بِهَا عَنْهَا، فَقَدْ قَالَ اللهُ سُبْحَانَهُ: ﴿إِن تَنصُرُوا اللهَ يَنصُرْكُمْ وَيُثَبِّتْ أَقْدَامَكُمْ﴾، وَقَالَ تَعَالَى: ﴿مَّن ذَا الَّذِي يُقْرِضُ اللهَ قَرْضًا حَسَنًا فَيُضَاعِفَهُ لَهُ وَلَهُ أَجْرٌ كَرِيمٌ﴾،

O you old and big whom old age has made hoary, how will you feel when rings of fire will touch the bones of your neck, and handcuffs hold so hard that they eat away the flesh of the forearms? (Fear) Allāh! Allāh! O crowd of men, while you are in good health before sickness (grips you) and you are in ease before straitness (overtakes you). You should try for the release of your necks before their mortgage is foreclosed your eyes, thin down your bellies, use your feet, spend your money, take your bodies and spend them over yourselves, and do not be niggardly about them, because Allāh the Glorified, has said: “... if you help (in the way) of Allāh, He will (also) help you, and will set firm your feet.” (Qur’ān, 47:7) and He, the Sublime. has said: “Who is he who would loan unto Allāh a goodly loan so that He may double it for him, and for him shall be a noble recompense.” (Qur’ān, 57:11)

فَلَمْ يَسْتَنْصِرْكُمْ مِنْ ذُلٍّ، وَلَمْ يَسْتَقْرِضْكُمْ مِنْ قُلٍّ، اسْتَنْصَرَكُمْ وَلَهُ ﴿جُنُودُ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ﴾ وَ﴿هُوَ الْعَزِيزُ الْحَكِيمُ﴾، وَاسْتَقْرَضَكُمْ وَلَهُ ﴿خَزَائِنُ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ﴾ وَ﴿هُوَ الْغَنِيُّ الْحَمِيدُ﴾، وَإِنَّمَا أَرَادَ أَنْ ﴿يَبْلُوَكُمْ أَيُّكُمْ أَحْسَنُ عَمَلً﴾. فَبَادِرُوا بِأَعْمَالِكُمْ تَكُونُوا مَعَ جِيرَانِ اللهِ فِي دَارِهِ، رَافَقَ بِهِمْ رُسُلَهُ، وَأَزَارَهُمْ مَلاَئِكَتَهُ، وَأَكرَمَ أَسْمَاعَهُم أَنْ تَسْمَعَ حَسِيسَ نَار أَبَداً، وَصَانَ أَجْسَادَهَمْ أَنْ تَلْقَى لُغُوباً وَنَصَباً، ﴿ذَٰلِكَ فَضْلُ اللَّـهِ يُؤْتِيهِ مَن يَشَاءُ وَاللهُ ذُو الْفَضْلِ الْعَظِيمِ﴾

He does not seek your support because of any weakness, nor does He demand a loan from you because of shortage. He seeks your help, although He possesses all the armies of the skies and the earth (48:7) and He is strong and wise (14:4). He seeks a loan from you, although He owns the treasures of the skies and the earth (63:7) and He is rich and praiseworthy. (Rather) He intends to try you as to which of you performs good acts. You should therefore be quick in performance of (good) acts so that your way be with His neighbours in His abode; He made His Prophet’s companions of these neighbours and made the angels to visit them. He has honoured their ears so that the sound of Hell fire may never reach them, and He has afforded protection to their bodies from weariness and fatigue. “... that is the grace of Allāh, He bestoweth it upon whomsoever He willeth; and Allāh is the Lord of Mighty Grace.” (Qur’ān, 57:21)

أَقُولُ مَا تَسْمَعُونَ، وَاللهُ الْمُسْتَعَانُ عَلى نَفْسِي وَأَنْفُسِكُمْ، وَهُوَ حَسْبُنَا ﴿وَنِعْمَ الْوَكِيلُ﴾!

I say what you are hearing. I seek Allāh’s help for myself and yourselves. He is enough for me and He is an excellent trustee (3:173).

Extrait d’un discours où il expose la puissance de Dieu et les mérites du Coran, et recommande la piété

[Dieu :] Louange à Dieu connu sans être vu et créateur sans se fatiguer. Par Sa puissance II a créé les créatures, par sa force II a asservi les seigneurs et par Sa générosité II S’est Imposé aux grands. C’est Lui qui a habiter Ses créatures dans le monde, qui a envoyé aux Djinns et aux hommes Ses Envoyés pour leur faire découvrir ce qu’il contient, les avertir de ses maux, leur raconter ses proverbes, leur faire voir ses défauts et tirer des leçons de ses changements, ses maux, ses permissions et ses prohibitions, leur montrer que Dieu a réservé le Paradis et les hommages aux obéissants et le Feu et les mépris aux désobéissants, Je le loue comme Il aime être loué de Ses créatures...

[Les mérites du Coran :] Le Coran ordonne et réprimande. Il est silencieux mais parle au nom de Dieu qui l’a constitué comme une preuve contre Ses créatures... Par le Coran Dieu répand Sa lumière et accomplit Sa religion. Dieu, après avoir terminé via le Coran de mener les hommes à la bonne guidance, appelle Son Prophète chez lui. Glorifiez Dieu comme II S’est fait glorifier par le Coran où II ne vous a rien caché de Sa religion, rien laissé de ce qui Lui plaît ou déplaît sans l’y inscrire par des versets détaillés...

Sachez que Dieu ne sera content de vous pour des actes qui L’avaient irrité chez vos devanciers, ni ne sera irrité contre vous pour des actes dont II s’était contenté chez eux. Vous vous comportez en suivant des traces bien claires et vous parlez en répétant ce qu’avaient dit des hommes bien avant vous. Dieu vous a complètement fourni la subsistance dans cette vie, vous a incités aux actions de grâces et a supposé que vous alliez vous rappeler de Lui.

[Le commandement de la Piété :] Il vous a recommandé la piété qu’il a faite le summum de Son contentement et la raison de la création. Craignez donc Dieu qui vous voit, détient vos toupets dans Ses mains et manipule vos changements. Il connaît ce que vous chuchotez en secret et écrit ce que vous déclarez devant tout le monde. Il a commissionné des gardiens qui retiennent de mémoire ce que vous dites ou faites, qui n’omettent un droit ni n’acceptent un mensonge.

Sachez que quiconque craint Allah, Il lui donnera une issue favorable qui le fait sortir des séditions et une lumière qui le tire de l’obscurité. Il le rend immortel et le reçoit dans Sa digne demeure propre, ombragée par Son Trône, illuminée de Ses Anges et de Ses Envoyés. Accourez donc vers le lieu où vous allez retourner. Devancez les délais. Les hommes sont sur le point de perdre tout espoir, d’être accablés par la mort et de voir que la porte du repentir leur sera close. Vous êtes devenus comme ceux qui avaient dit: «Notre Seigneur, nous avons vu et entendu, revoie-nous donc afin que nous puissions faire du bien; nous croyons (maintenant) avec certitude» (La Prosternation, 12). Vous êtes des voyageurs et vous allez quitter une demeure qui n’est pas la vôtre: on vous a permis de vous expatrier et donné l’ordre de vous approvisionner.

Sachez que cette peau délicate ne souffrira pas le Feu. Ayez pitié de vous-même, car vous avez expérimenté le feu durant les horreurs de la vie. Avez-vous jamais vu la peur que subit l’un de vous lorsque l’épine perce sa peau, le faux pas lui fait couler le sang et la chaleur torride le brûle? Que lui arrivera-t-il alors s’il se trouve entre deux niveaux de feu, étendu sur les pierres à proximité des démons?! Savez-vous que Malek [le préposé à la Géhenne] s’il se fâche contre le feu, les flammes commencent à s’entrechoquer à cause de sa colère, et s’il les réprimandent elles commencent à sursauter entre les portes de la Géhenne?!

O vieillard aux cheveux blancs! Comment feras-tu lorsque les cercles de feu adhèrent aux os de la nuque et que les acromions se dilatent jusqu’à manger la chair des bras? Craignez Dieu, ô serviteurs, tant que vous êtes encore en bonne santé, avant que les maladies et l’angoisse ne vous frappent! Accourez à sauver vos cous avant l’échéance de la gage. Que vos veux passent la nuit sans dormir, que vos abdomens soient sveltes, utilisez vos pieds, dépensez vos biens et que vos corps soient sans avarice au service de vos âmes. Car Dieu dit: «Si vous faites (la cause d’Allah), Il vous fera triompher et raffermira vos pas» (Mouhammad, 7). Il dit encore: «Quiconque fait à Allah un prêt sincère, Allah le lui multiplie, et il aura une généreuse récompense» (Le Fer, 11).

Il n’a pas demandé à Le faire triompher d’un avilissement ni à Lui prêter parce qu’il est dans Le besoin, car «Il détient les trésors du ciel et de la terre, Il se dispense de tout et il est digne de louange». Par contre, Il a voulu «vous éprouver afin de savoir qui d’entre vous sont les meilleurs dans leurs actions». Hâtez-vous d’entreprendre vos [bonnes] actions pour que vous soyez avec les voisins de Dieu dans Sa demeure. Dieu a fait accompagner Ses Envoyés par Ses voisins, les Anges. Il a rendu hommage à leurs ouïes en ne leur faisant point entendre le bruit léger du feu. Il a sauvegardé leurs corps de la fatigue et de la peine. «Telle est la grâce d’Allah qu’ll donne à qui II veut Et Allah est le Détenteur de l’énorme grâce» (Le Fer, 21).

Je dis ce que vous entendez. Vous et moi nous implorons son secours. «Allah nous suffit; Il est notre meilleur garant» (La Famille D’Imran, 173).

Nahj al-Balāgha

Chapter #183