 The Cleansing Quality of Water

The Quantity of Water that Always Remains Clean

The Case of a Small Quantity of Water, the Water with a Dead Body in it and its use by a Man to Wash His Dirty Hand in it

The Case of a Well and Things that May Fall in It (Fatwa best explains Ahadith 2-12 as well as the following chapter.)

A Well near a Cesspool

Taking Wudu’ With Water from Which Animals, Beasts and Birds Have Drunk

Taking Wudu’ with the Water from Which a Woman during Her Hayd (menses), People After Having Carnal Relations, a Jew, a Christian or a Person Hostile toward ’A’immah Has Drunk (Fatwa best explains Ahadith 4-6 of this chapter.)

A Man Places His Hand in the Water before Washing, the Limit of Washing Hands Because of Carnal Relations, Urination, Feces and Sleeping

Mixing of Rain Water with Urine, with Water Used for Taking Ghusl (bath) Because of Carnal Relations, Touching of One’s Cloth with Water Used for Washing Because of Urine

Water of Bath Houses and Water Heated by the Sun’s Rays

Places Not Desirable to Use as a Lavatory

Expressions to Say When Entering a Lavatory and When Coming Out

Draining Urine, Washing and If One Does Not Find Water

The Quantity of Water Required for Wudu’, Showers and One Who Is Excessive in the Use of Water for Wudu’

Brushing One’s Teeth

Rinsing One’s Mouth and Nostrils

Description of Wudu’

The Area of the Face and Hands to be Washed for Wudu’

Wiping of Head and Feet

Wiping Over the Shoes

Bandages and Wounds

Facing Doubts about Wudu’ Forgetting or Mixing Proper Order

Matters that Invalidate or Do not Invalidate Wudu’

One’s Stepping over Feces or Other Such Things

Certain Fluid, Which Is Other than Urine and Semen

Kinds of Ghusl (bath)

Matters Covered by Ghusl (bath)

Necessity of Ghusl (bath) on Friday

Description of Ghusl (bath), Wudu’ Before or Thereafter and a Man’s Ghusl (bath) in an Improper Place, Expressions to Say During Taking Ghusl (bath) and Moving a Ring During Ghusl (bath)

Reason Necessitating Ghusl (bath) for Men and Women

Wet Dreams of Men and Women

Finding Fluid Coming Out after Ghusl (bath)

One after Carnal Relations Eats, Drinks, Reads, Enters a Masjid, Dyes Hair, Uses Fragrance and So On

One after Carnal Relation Sweats in His Clothes, Clothes Touch His Wet Body

Semen or Al-Madhiy Comes in Contact with One’s Clothes or Body

Urine Comes in Contact with One’s Clothes or Body

Urine of Animals and Their Dung

Clothes Come in Contact with Blood and Pus

Dogs Touching Clothes, Body and So On

Description of Tayammum

When Tayammum Is Necessary and Finding Water Thereafter

One’s having Little Water on a Journey but Is Afraid of Facing Thirst

One’s Experiencing Carnal Relations and Having Only Ice

Taking Tayammum with Clay

Bandages, Injuries, One’s Suffering from Smallpox and or Experiencing Carnal Relations

Rare Ahadith about Wudu’

Chapters on Hayd (menses)

Minimum and Maximum Duration of Hayd

Women’s Experiencing Hayd After or Before Their Date of Hayd

Women Observe Yellowish Blood Before or After Hayd (menses)

First Time Hayd (menses)

Examining if Hayd (menses) has Ended or Not

Taking Ghusl (bath) Because of Hayd and the Kind of Water Needed

Women Find Blood after Sexual Relation

Comprehensive Instructions About Hayd (menses) and Istihadah (irregular menses)

Signs for Differentiating Between Blood of Hayd and Istihadah

Differentiating Among Blood of Hayd, Virginity or a Wound

Pregnant Woman Finds Blood

Blood Because of Childbirth

Blood Discharge after a Woman’s Experiencing Discharge-Free Period after Childbirth and Blood Discharge before Birth or after Childbirth

Matters Necessary for Women during Hayd at the Times of Salah (prayer)

Women Find Hayd Blood after the Coming of the Time for a Salah (Prayer) Before Performing It Or Become Clean Before the Coming of the Time for a Salah (Prayer) But Are Too Lazy for Ghusl (bath)

Women Feel Hayd during Salah (Prayer)

Women Must Make-up-for Fasting Because of Hayd but Not Salah (Prayer) 

Women’s Reading the Holy Quran During Hayd or Child-birth 

Women during Hayd Can Pick up Things from a Masjid but Must Not Leave Anything Therein

Women’s Hayd (menses) Stops, Comes Again and the Time of Menopause

Women’s Using Medicine to Have Hayd (menses) after It Stops 

Using Dye during Hayd (menses) 

Washing Clothes of Women during Hayd 

Women During Hayd Pick up Prayer Rug or Water 

Causes of Death and that Believing People May Die by any Manner of Dying 

The Reward for a Person Suffering from Illness 

Another Section on the Same Subject 

The Limits of Complaints 

A Patient’s Giving Permission to His Visitors 

How Often a Patient Should Be Visited, How Long the Duration of Visitation Should Be and Complete Visit 

The Limit of a Sudden Death 

The Virtue (Reward) of Visiting a Patient 

Dictations to a Dying Person

Difficulty in Dying (If Dying Becomes Difficult and the Agony of Death Intense) 

Facing the Dying Person Toward Qiblah

A Believing Person Is Not Caused to Die Against His Will

Things that Believers and Unbelievers See in Dying Conditions

Taking out of the Souls of Believing and Unbelievers

Burial Should Take Place Immediately

Rare Ahadith

Women during Hayd Nurse a Patient (The following chapters are about rules of washing a dead body for burial, shrouding and other matters of burial, and are best explained in the form of fatwa. Consult current fatwa about them.)

Washing a Dead Body

Hunut (Rubbing Camphor) on a Dead Body and Shrouding

Shrouding a Deceased Women

Undesirability of Perfuming the Shroud or Warming Water for Washing Dead Bodies

The Desirable Pieces of Shroud and the Undesirable Ones

The Amount of Water Needed for Ghusl (bath) of a Deceased Person

The Two Fresh Al-Jaridah (Twigs of Palm Tree)

Persons Dead Without Shower Due to Carnal Relations Hayd or Child Birth Reasons

Chapter 26- Dead Woman with a Baby Moving Inside Her

Cutting of Nails and Hairs of Dead Person Undesirable

Things Coming Out of a Dead Body after Ghusl (bath)

Washing of Persons of opposite Gender

1ـ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ عَنْ صَفْوَانَ عَنِ الْعَلاَءِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ قَالَ سَمِعْتُهُ يَقُولُ إِذَا لَمْ تَجِدْ مَاءً وَأَرَدْتَ التَّيَمُّمَ فَأَخِّرِ التَّيَمُّمَ إِلَى آخِرِ الْوَقْتِ فَإِنْ فَاتَكَ الْمَاءُ لَمْ تَفُتْكَ الأرْضُ.

1. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Muhammad ibn al-Husayn from Safwan from al-‘Ala’ from Muhammad ibn Muslim who has said the following: “I heard him (the Imam) (a.s.), say, ‘If you cannot find water and you decide for Tayammum, you must wait until the time (for Salah (prayer)) is about to end. If water is still not available, you do not miss the soil and the ground.’” 

2ـ عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنِ ابْنِ أُذَيْنَةَ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ عَنْ أَحَدِهِمَا (عَلَيْهِما الْسَّلام) قَالَ إِذَا لَمْ يَجِدِ الْمُسَافِرُ الْمَاءَ فَلْيَطْلُبْ مَا دَامَ فِي الْوَقْتِ فَإِذَا خَافَ أَنْ يَفُوتَهُ الْوَقْتُ فَلْيَتَيَمَّمْ وَلْيُصَلِّ فِي آخِرِ الْوَقْتِ فَإِذَا وَجَدَ الْمَاءَ فَلاَ قَضَاءَ عَلَيْهِ وَلْيَتَوَضَّأْ لِمَا يَسْتَقْبِلُ.

2. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr from ibn ’Udhaynah from Zurarah who has said the following: “One of the two Imam, ‘Alayhim al-Salam, has said, ‘If during a journey water cannot be found, one must search for water as long as there is time; but when there is fear for losing time, one must then take Tayammum to perform Salah (prayer) during the end of time just before it totally ends. If later water is found, then one is not required to perform Salah (prayer) again; however, Wudu’ is necessary for future.’” 

3ـ عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ حَمَّادٍ عَنِ الْحَلَبِيِّ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ الْسَّلام) يَقُولُ إِذَا لَمْ يَجِدِ الرَّجُلُ طَهُوراً وَكَانَ جُنُباً فَلْيَمْسَحْ مِنَ الأرْضِ وَيُصَلِّي فَإِذَا وَجَدَ مَاءً فَلْيَغْتَسِلْ وَقَدْ أَجْزَأَتْهُ صَلاَتُهُ الَّتِي صَلَّى.

3. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr from Hammad from al-Halabiy who has said the following: “I once heard abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), say, ‘If means of cleansing (water for Ghusl (bath)) cannot be found after experiencing sexual relation, one must wipe one’s face with (soil for Tayammum) earth, then perform Salah (prayer). When water is found, Ghusl (bath) must be taken and Salah (prayer) so performed is sufficient.’” 

4ـ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ عَنِ الْفَضْلِ بْنِ شَاذَانَ وَعَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ جَمِيعاً عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ حَرِيزٍ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ قَالَ قُلْتُ لأَبِي جَعْفَرٍ (عَلَيْهِ الْسَّلام) يُصَلِّي الرَّجُلُ بِوُضُوءٍ وَاحِدٍ صَلاَةَ اللَّيْلِ وَالنَّهَارِ كُلَّهَا قَالَ نَعَمْ مَا لَمْ يُحْدِثْ قُلْتُ فَيُصَلِّي بِتَيَمُّمٍ وَاحِدٍ صَلاَةَ اللَّيْلِ وَالنَّهَارِ كُلَّهَا قَالَ نَعَمْ مَا لَمْ يُحْدِثْ أَوْ يُصِبْ مَاءً قُلْتُ فَإِنْ أَصَابَ الْمَاءَ وَرَجَا أَنْ يَقْدِرَ عَلَى مَاءٍ آخَرَ وَظَنَّ أَنَّهُ يَقْدِرُ عَلَيْهِ كُلَّمَا أَرَادَ فَعَسُرَ ذَلِكَ عَلَيْهِ قَالَ يَنْقُضُ ذَلِكَ تَيَمُّمَهُ وَعَلَيْهِ أَنْ يُعِيدَ التَّيَمُّمَ قُلْتُ فَإِنْ أَصَابَ الْمَاءَ وَقَدْ دَخَلَ فِي الصَّلاَةِ قَالَ فَلْيَنْصَرِفْ وَلْيَتَوَضَّأْ مَا لَمْ يَرْكَعْ فَإِنْ كَانَ قَدْ رَكَعَ فَلْيَمْضِ فِي صَلاَتِهِ فَإِنَّ التَّيَمُّمَ أَحَدُ الطَّهُورَيْنِ.

4. Muhammad ibn ’Isma‘il has narrated from al-Fadl ibn Shadhan and Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father all from Hammad ibn ‘Isa from Hariz from Zurarah who has said the following: “I once asked abu Ja‘far (a.s.), ‘Can a man pray Salaat with one Ablution (Wudhu), (including) all of the night and day prayers’. He said: ‘Yes, for as long as an event does not occur (breaking his ablution)’. I said, ‘Can he pray with one Tayammum, all of the night and day prayers?’ He said: ‘Yes, for as long as an event does not occur (breaking his Tayammum), or he finds water’. I said, ‘Supposing he does find the water and hopes that he would be able to find another water, and if he thinks that he would be to every time, but that is difficult upon him?’ He said: ‘That would break his Tayammum, and upon him is to repeat the Tayammum’. I said, ‘Supposing if he finds the water and already entered into the Salaat?’ He said: ‘Let him leave it for as long as he has not performed a bowing. If it was so that he had performed a bowing, let him continue his prayer, for the Tayammum is one of the two purifiers’.”’ 

5ـ الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ مُعَلَّى بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ الْوَشَّاءِ عَنْ أَبَانِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ عَنْ عَبْدِ الله بْنِ عَاصِمٍ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ الْسَّلام) عَنِ الرَّجُلِ لاَ يَجِدُ الْمَاءَ فَيَتَيَمَّمُ وَيُقِيمُ فِي الصَّلاَةِ فَجَاءَ الْغُلاَمُ فَقَالَ هُوَ ذَا الْمَاءُ فَقَالَ إِنْ كَانَ لَمْ يَرْكَعْ فَلْيَنْصَرِفْ وَلْيَتَوَضَّأْ وَإِنْ كَانَ قَدْ رَكَعَ فَلْيَمْضِ فِي صَلاَتِهِ.

5. Al-Husayn ibn Muhammad has narrated from Mu‘alla’ ibn Muhammad from al-Washsha’ from Aban ibn ‘Uthman from ‘Abd Allah ibn ‘Asim who has said the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about a man who cannot find water and with Tayammum begins to perform Salah (prayer); then the boy brings water for him. He (the Imam) said, ‘If he has not yet assumed the position of Ruku‘, he must discontinue his Salah (prayer) for Wudu’, but if he has already assumed Ruku‘ position, he must continue with his Salah (prayer).”’ 

6ـ عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ ابْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ دَاوُدَ الرَّقِّيِّ قَالَ قُلْتُ لأَبِي عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ الْسَّلام) أَكُونُ فِي السَّفَرِ وَتَحْضُرُ الصَّلاَةُ وَلَيْسَ مَعِي مَاءٌ وَيُقَالُ إِنَّ الْمَاءَ قَرِيبٌ مِنَّا أَ فَأَطْلُبُ الْمَاءَ وَأَنَا فِي وَقْتٍ يَمِيناً وَشِمَالاً قَالَ لاَ تَطْلُبِ الْمَاءَ وَلَكِنْ تَيَمَّمْ فَإِنِّي أَخَافُ عَلَيْكَ التَّخَلُّفَ عَنْ أَ��ْحَابِكَ فَتَضِلَّ فَيَأْكُلَكَ السَّبُعُ.

6. A number of our people have narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from ibn Mahbub from Dawud al-Riqqiy who has said the following: “I once said to abu ’Abd Allah (a.s.). ‘During a journey if I cannot find water when it is time of Salah (prayer); but it is said that water is nearby. Must I then search in the right and left directions when it is time for Salah (prayer)?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘Do not search for water, instead take Tayammum; I fear you may remain behind your companions and you may get lost or be eaten by the beasts.’” 

7ـ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ أَبِي الْعَلاَءِ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ الْسَّلام) عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يَمُرُّ بِالرَّكِيَّةِ وَلَيْسَ مَعَهُ دَلْوٌ قَالَ لَيْسَ عَلَيْهِ أَنْ يَنْزِلَ الرَّكِيَّةَ إِنَّ رَبَّ الْمَاءِ هُوَ رَبُّ الأرْضِ فَلْيَتَيَمَّمْ.

7. Ahmad ibn Muhammad has narrated from Ali ibn al-Hakam from al-Husayn ibn abu af-‘Afa’ who has said the foflowing: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about a man who passes by a well but does not have a bucket (to draw water). He (the Imam) said, ‘It is not necessary for him to climb down the well; the Lord of water is the Lord the earth; he must take Tayammum.’” 

8ـ الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ مُعَلَّى بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ الْوَشَّاءِ عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ عَنْ يَعْقُوبَ بْنِ سَالِمٍ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ الْسَّلام) عَنْ رَجُلٍ لاَ يَكُونُ مَعَهُ مَاءٌ وَالْمَاءُ عَنْ يَمِينِ الطَّرِيقِ وَيَسَارِهِ غَلْوَتَيْنِ أَوْ نَحْوَ ذَلِكَ قَالَ لاَ آمُرُهُ أَنْ يُغَرِّرَ بِنَفْسِهِ فَيَعْرِضَ لَهُ لِصٌّ أَوْ سَبُعٌ.

8. Af-Husayn ibn Muhammad has narrated from Mu‘alla’ ibn Muhammad from ai-Washsha’ from Hammad ibn ‘Uthman from Ya’qub ibn Salim who has said the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about a man who does not have any water (for Wudu’) during a journey, but there is water on the right or left side of the road at a distance of once or twice throwing of an arrow or so. He (the Imam) said, ‘I do not command him to mislead himself and then be endangered by the beasts or thieves.’” 

9ـ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ عَنِ الْفَضْلِ بْنِ شَاذَانَ عَنْ صَفْوَانَ عَنْ مَنْصُورِ بْنِ حَازِمٍ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي يَعْفُورٍ وَعَنْبَسَةَ بْنِ مُصْعَبٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ الْسَّلام) قَالَ إِذَا أَتَيْتَ الْبِئْرَ وَأَنْتَ جُنُبٌ وَلَمْ تَجِدْ دَلْواً وَلاَ شَيْئاً تَغْرِفُ بِهِ فَتَيَمَّمْ بِالصَّعِيدِ فَإِنَّ رَبَّ الْمَاءِ وَرَبَّ الصَّعِيدِ وَاحِدٌ وَلاَ تَقَعْ فِي الْبِئْرِ وَلاَ تُفْسِدْ عَلَى الْقَوْمِ مَاءَهُمْ.

9. Muhammad ibn ’Isma’il has narrated from al-Fadl ibn Shadhan from Safwan from Mansur ibn Hazim from ibn abu Ya’qub and ‘Anbasah ibn Mus’ab who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘When you come to a well when you have experienced sexual relation and cannot find a bucket or other means to draw water, you must take Tayammum with soil; the Lord of water and the Lord of the soil is one. Do not climb down the well and destroy people’s water.’” 

10ـ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنِ ابْنِ مُسْكَانَ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ قَالَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ كَانَ فِي سَفَرٍ وَكَانَ مَعَهُ مَاءٌ فَنَسِيَهُ وَتَيَمَّمَ وَصَلَّى ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ أَنَّ مَعَهُ مَاءً قَبْلَ أَنْ يَخْرُجَ الْوَقْتُ قَالَ عَلَيْهِ أَنْ يَتَوَضَّأَ وَيُعِيدَ الصَّلاَةَ قَالَ وَسَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ تَيَمُّمِ الْحَائِضِ وَالْجُنُبِ سَوَاءٌ إِذَا لَمْ يَجِدَا مَاءً قَالَ نَعَمْ. 

10. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from ‘Uthman ibn ‘Isa from ibn Muskan from abu Basir who has said the following: “I once asked him (the Imam) (a.s.), about a man who during a journey had a certain amount of water but forgot all about it, and with Tayammum performed Salah (prayer). Then he remembered that there was water with him and still there is time for Salah (prayer). He (the Imam) said, ‘He must take Wudu’ and perform Salah (prayer) again.’ I (the narrator) then asked him (the Imam) if Tayammum for one experiencing Hayd (menses) and sexual relation who cannot find water is the same. He (the Imam) said, ‘Yes, it is the same.’” 

Al-Kāfi - Volume 3

Book 1, Chapter 41