1ـ عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنِ ابْنِ أُذَيْنَةَ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ (عَلَيهِ السَّلام) قَالَ دَخَلَ يَهُودِيٌّ عَلَى رَسُولِ الله (صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وآلِه) وَعَائِشَةُ عِنْدَهُ فَقَالَ السَّامُ عَلَيْكُمْ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ الله (صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وآلِه) عَلَيْكُمْ ثُمَّ دَخَلَ آخَرُ فَقَالَ مِثْلَ ذَلِكَ فَرَدَّ عَلَيْهِ كَمَا رَدَّ عَلَى صَاحِبِهِ ثُمَّ دَخَلَ آخَرُ فَقَالَ مِثْلَ ذَلِكَ فَرَدَّ رَسُولُ الله (صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وآلِه) كَمَا رَدَّ عَلَى صَاحِبَيْهِ فَغَضِبَتْ عَائِشَةُ فَقَالَتْ عَلَيْكُمُ السَّامُ وَالْغَضَبُ وَاللَّعْنَةُ يَا مَعْشَرَ الْيَهُودِ يَا إِخْوَةَ الْقِرَدَةِ وَالْخَنَازِيرِ فَقَالَ لَهَا رَسُولُ الله (صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وآلِه) يَا عَائِشَةُ إِنَّ الْفُحْشَ لَوْ كَانَ مُمَثَّلاً لَكَانَ مِثَالَ سَوْءٍ إِنَّ الرِّفْقَ لَمْ يُوضَعْ عَلَى شَيْ‏ءٍ قَطُّ إِلا زَانَهُ وَلَمْ يُرْفَعْ عَنْهُ قَطُّ إِلا شَانَهُ قَالَتْ يَا رَسُولَ الله أَ مَا سَمِعْتَ إِلَى قَوْلِهِمْ السَّامُ عَلَيْكُمْ فَقَالَ بَلَى أَ مَا سَمِعْتِ مَا رَدَدْتُ عَلَيْهِمْ قُلْتُ عَلَيْكُمْ فَإِذَا سَلَّمَ عَلَيْكُمْ مُسْلِمٌ فَقُولُوا سَلامٌ عَلَيْكُمْ وَإِذَا سَلَّمَ عَلَيْكُمْ كَافِرٌ فَقُولُوا عَلَيْكَ.

1. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ibn abu ‘Umayr from ibn ‘Udhaynah from Zurara from abu Ja’far (a.s.) who has said the following: “Once, a Jewish person went in the presence of the Messenger of Allah while ‘A’ishah was with him. The Jewish person said, ‘Sam ‘Alaykum instead of ‘ Salamun ‘Alaykum. ’ The Messenger of Allah said, Alaykum. ’ Then another Jewish person came and said the same thing as the one before and the Messenger of Allah responded just as before. Then a third Jewish person came. He also said what the other two had said before and the Messenger of Allah responded just as that to the other two before. ‘A’ishah became angry and said, Alaykum al-Sam (wrath and condemnation) O Jewish group, brethren of monkeys and swine.’ The Messenger of Allah said to her, ‘O ‘A’ishah, if name-calling were to appear with a shape and form it would have a very evil shape. Wherever gentleness is placed it beautifies it and removing it is only to make it despised. ’ “‘A’ishah then asked, ‘O the Messenger of Allah, did you not hear their words: ’al-Sam Alaykuml’ The Messenger of Allah said, ‘I heard them but did you not note what I said? I said, ‘Alaykum’. Whenever a Muslim offers you the greeting of peace say, ‘ Salamun ‘Alaykum,’ but when a non-Muslim says something in their manners, just say, Alaykum’, meaning the same to you.’”

2ـ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى عَنْ غِيَاثِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيهِ السَّلام) قَالَ قَالَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ (عَلَيهِ السَّلام) لا تَبْدَءُوا أَهْلَ الْكِتَابِ بِالتَّسْلِيمِ وَإِذَا سَلَّمُوا عَلَيْكُمْ فَقُولُوا وَعَلَيْكُمْ.

2. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn ‘Isa from Muhammad ibn Yahya from Ghiyath ibn Ibrahim from abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.) who has said the following: “Amir al-Mu’minin, Ali ibn abu Talib (a.s.) has said, ‘Do not initiate the offering of the greeting of peace to people of the Book, but if they offered just say, “wa ‘Alaykum’”

3ـ عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ عَنْ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ سَمَاعَةَ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيهِ السَّلام) عَنِ الْيَهُودِيِّ وَالنَّصْرَانِيِّ وَالْمُشْرِكِ إِذَا سَلَّمُوا عَلَى الرَّجُلِ وَهُوَ جَالِسٌ كَيْفَ يَنْبَغِي أَنْ يَرُدَّ عَلَيْهِمْ فَقَالَ يَقُولُ عَلَيْكُمْ.

3. A number of our people have narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Khalid from ‘Uthman ibn ‘Isa from Sama’a who has said the following: “Once I asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.) about Jewish, Christians and pagans’ greetings to one sitting, how should he respond? The Imam said, ‘He will say, ‘ ‘Alaykum’”

4ـ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ ابْنِ فَضَّالٍ عَنِ ابْنِ بُكَيْرٍ عَنْ بُرَيْدِ بْنِ مُعَاوِيَةَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيهِ السَّلام) قَالَ إِذَا سَلَّمَ عَلَيْكَ الْيَهُودِيُّ وَالنَّصْرَانِيُّ وَالْمُشْرِكُ فَقُلْ عَلَيْكَ.

4. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from ibn Faddal from ibn Bukayr from Barid ibn Mu’awiyah from Muhammad ibn Muslim from abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.) who has said the following: “When a Jew, Christian or a pagan greets you with peace just say, ‘ ‘Alayka’ meaning, ‘the same to you.’”

5ـ أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الأشْعَرِيُّ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سَالِمٍ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي نَصْرٍ عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شِمْرٍ عَنْ جَابِرٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ (عَلَيهِ السَّلام) قَالَ أَقْبَلَ أَبُو جَهْلِ بْنُ هِشَامٍ وَمَعَهُ قَوْمٌ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ فَدَخَلُوا عَلَى أَبِي طَالِبٍ فَقَالُوا إِنَّ ابْنَ أَخِيكَ قَدْ آذَانَا وَآذَى آلِهَتَنَا فَادْعُهُ وَمُرْهُ فَلْيَكُفَّ عَنْ آلِهَتِنَا وَنَكُفُّ عَنْ إِلَهِهِ قَالَ فَبَعَثَ أَبُو طَالِبٍ إِلَى رَسُولِ الله (صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وآلِه) فَدَعَاهُ فَلَمَّا دَخَلَ النَّبِيُّ (صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وآلِه) لَمْ يَرَ فِي الْبَيْتِ إِلا مُشْرِكاً فَقَالَ السَّلامُ عَلَى مَنِ اتَّبَعَ الْهُدَى ثُمَّ جَلَسَ فَخَبَّرَهُ أَبُو طَالِبٍ بِمَا جَاءُوا لَهُ فَقَالَ أَ وَهَلْ لَهُمْ فِي كَلِمَةٍ خَيْرٍ لَهُمْ مِنْ هَذَا يَسُودُونَ بِهَا الْعَرَبَ وَيَطَئُونَ أَعْنَاقَهُمْ فَقَالَ أَبُو جَهْلٍ نَعَمْ وَمَا هَذِهِ الْكَلِمَةُ فَقَالَ تَقُولُونَ لا إِلَهَ إِلا الله قَالَ فَوَضَعُوا أَصَابِعَهُمْ فِي آذَانِهِمْ وَخَرَجُوا هُرَّاباً وَهُمْ يَقُولُونَ ما سَمِعْنا بِهذا فِي الْمِلَّةِ الآخِرَةِ إِنْ هذا إِلا اخْتِلاقٌ فَأَنْزَلَ الله تَعَالَى فِي قَوْلِهِمْ (صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وآلِه) وَالْقُرْآنِ ذِي الذِّكْرِ إِلَى قَوْلِهِ إِلا اخْتِلاقٌ.

5. Abu Ali al-Ash’ari has narrated from Muhammad ibn Salim from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn abu Nasr from ‘Amr ibn Shimr from Jabir from abu Ja’far (a.s.) who has said the following: “Once abu Jahl along with a people from Quraysh went to abu Talib and said, ‘Your cousin has offended us and has harmed our idols, call him and command him to stop bothering our gods and we will stop bothering his Lord.’ “The Imam said, ‘Abu Talib sent for the Messenger of Allah. He was called and he came. He did not see in the house but pagans and he said, ‘(I offer) greetings of peace to those who follow guidance.’ He sat down and abu Talib informed him of what the people had said. The Messenger of Allah asked, ‘What if I instruct them with a word of goodness that will be better for them than this and with which they can rule the Arabs and subdue their stiff necks?’ Abu Jahl then asked, ‘What is that word?’ The Messenger of Allah advised him to say, ‘No one deserves to be worshipped except Allah.’ They placed their fingers in their ears and fled saying, ‘We have not heard anything like this in other religions. This is only something falsely invented.’ Allah, the Most High, then sent this: ‘Sad. I swear by the Quran, which is full of reminders of Allah (that you are a Messenger) (38:1). In fact, the unbelievers are the ones who are boastful and quarrelsome (38:2). How many ancient generations did We destroy? (On facing Our torment) they cried out for help, but it was too late for them to escape.’ (38:3) ‘It seems strange to the pagans that a man from their own people should come to them as a prophet. The unbelievers have said, ‘He is only a lying magician’ (38:4). They ask, ‘Has he condemned all other gods but One? This is certainly strange.’ (38:5) ‘A group of the pagans walked out of a meeting with the Prophet and told the others, ‘Let us walk away. Be steadfast in the worship of your gods. This man wants to dominate you (38:6). We have heard nothing like this in the latest religion. This is only his own false invention.”” (38:7)

6ـ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ عَبْدِ الله بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ عَنْ أَبَانِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيهِ السَّلام) قَالَ تَقُولُ فِي الرَّدِّ عَلَى الْيَهُودِيِّ وَالنَّصْرَانِيِّ سَلامٌ.

6. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from ‘Abd Allah ibn Muhammad from Ali ibn al-Hakam from Aban ibn ‘Uthman from Zurara from abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.) who has said the following: ‘‘In response to a Jew or Christian You should say, ‘ Salam ’, meaning peace be upon us or whoever deserves it.”

7ـ عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الْحَجَّاجِ قَالَ قُلْتُ لأبِي الْحَسَنِ مُوسَى (عَلَيهِ السَّلام) أَ رَأَيْتَ إِنِ احْتَجْتُ إِلَى مُتَطَبِّبٍ وَهُوَ نَصْرَانِيٌّ أُسَلِّمُ عَلَيْهِ وَأَدْعُو لَهُ قَالَ نَعَمْ إِنَّهُ لا يَنْفَعُهُ دُعَاؤُكَ.

7. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ibn abu ‘Umayr from ‘Abd al- Rahman ibn al-Hajjaj who has said the following: ‘‘Once I asked abu al-Hassan Musa (a.s.) ‘If I needed to visit a Christian physician, can I offer the greeting of peace and pray for him?’ The Imam said, ‘Yes, but your prayer will not benefit him.’”

8ـ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنِ ابْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الْحَجَّاجِ قَالَ قُلْتُ لأبِي الْحَسَنِ مُوسَى (عَلَيهِ السَّلام) أَ رَأَيْتَ إِنِ احْتَجْتُ إِلَى الطَّبِيبِ وَهُوَ نَصْرَانِيٌّ أَنْ أُسَلِّمَ عَلَيْهِ وَأَدْعُوَ لَهُ قَالَ نَعَمْ إِنَّهُ لا يَنْفَعُهُ دُعَاؤُكَ.

8. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn ‘Isa from ibn Mahbub from ‘Abd al-Rahman ibn al-Hajjaj who has said the following: “Once I asked abu al-Hassan Musa (a.s.) ‘If 1 needed to visit a Christian physician, can I offer him the greeting of peace and pray for him?’ The Imam said, ‘Yes, but your prayer will not benefit him.’”

9ـ عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى بْنِ عُبَيْدٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَرَفَةَ عَنْ أَبِي الْحَسَنِ الرِّضَا (عَلَيهِ السَّلام) قَالَ قِيلَ لأبِي عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيهِ السَّلام) كَيْفَ أَدْعُو لِلْيَهُودِيِّ وَالنَّصْرَانِيِّ قَالَ تَقُولُ لَهُ بَارَكَ الله لَكَ فِي الدُّنْيَا.

9. A number of our people have narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Khalid from Muhammad ibn ‘Isa ibn ‘Ubayd from Muhammad ibn ‘Arafah from abu al- Hassan al-Rida (a.s.) who has said the following: “It was asked from abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.) ‘How do I pray for a Jew or a Christian?’ He had said, ‘Say, “May Allah grant you blessing in this world.’””

10ـ حُمَيْدُ بْنُ زِيَادٍ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ وُهَيْبِ بْنِ حَفْصٍ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ عَنْ أَحَدِهِمَا (عَلَيهِما السَّلام) فِي مُصَافَحَةِ الْمُسْلِمِ الْيَهُودِيَّ وَالنَّصْرَانِيَّ قَالَ مِنْ وَرَاءِ الثَّوْبِ فَإِنْ صَافَحَكَ بِيَدِهِ فَاغْسِلْ يَدَكَ.

10. Hamid ibn Ziyad has narrated from al-Hassan ibn Muhammad from Wahab ibn Hafs from abu Basir from one of the two Imam (a.s.) who has said the following: “About shaking hands with a Jew or a Christian he had said, ‘Shake hands with them from behind clothes and if you shook their hand without clothes then you must wash your hands.”’

11ـ أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الأشْعَرِيُّ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ الْكُوفِيِّ عَنْ عَبَّاسِ بْنِ عَامِرٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مَعْمَرٍ عَنْ خَالِدٍ الْقَلانِسِيِّ قَالَ قُلْتُ لأبِي عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيهِ السَّلام) أَلْقَى الذِّمِّيَّ فَيُصَافِحُنِي قَالَ امْسَحْهَا بِالتُّرَابِ وَبِالْحَائِطِ قُلْتُ فَالنَّاصِبَ قَالَ اغْسِلْهَا.

11. Abu Ali al-Ash’ari has narrated from al-Hassan ibn Ali al-Kufi from al-‘ Abbas ibn ‘Amir from Ali ibn Mu’ammar from Khalid al-Qalanisi who has said the following: “Once I asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.) ‘What should I do if I meet a tax paying non-Muslim and he shakes my hand?’ The Imam said, ‘Wipe it with soil or against a wall.’ I asked, ‘What about one who is abusive of ‘A’immahV The Imam said, ‘Wash it (your hand).”’

12ـ أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الأشْعَرِيُّ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ عَنْ صَفْوَانَ عَنِ الْعَلاءِ بْنِ رَزِينٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ (عَلَيهِ السَّلام) فِي رَجُلٍ صَافَحَ رَجُلاً مَجُوسِيّاً قَالَ يَغْسِلُ يَدَهُ وَلا يَتَوَضَّأُ.

12. Abu Ali al-Ash’ari has narrated from Muhammad ibn ‘Abd al-Jabbar from Safwan from al-‘Ala’ ibn Razin from Muhammad ibn Muslim from abu Ja’far (a.s.) who has said the following: “About a man who had shaken hand with Majusi (Zoroastrian), the Imam said, ‘He must wash it but he does not need to perform wuzu again.’”