65:1يَا أَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ إِذَا طَلَّقْتُمُ النِّسَاءَ فَطَلِّقُوهُنَّ لِعِدَّتِهِنَّ وَأَحْصُوا الْعِدَّةَ وَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ رَبَّكُمْ لَا تُخْرِجُوهُنَّ مِن بُيُوتِهِنَّ وَلَا يَخْرُجْنَ إِلَّا أَن يَأْتِينَ بِفَاحِشَةٍ مُّبَيِّنَةٍ وَتِلْكَ حُدُودُ اللَّهِ وَمَن يَتَعَدَّ حُدُودَ اللَّهِ فَقَدْ ظَلَمَ نَفْسَهُ لَا تَدْرِي لَعَلَّ اللَّهَ يُحْدِثُ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ أَمْرًا
O Prophet! When you divorce women, divorce them at [the conclusion of] their term and calculate the term, and be wary of Allah, your Lord. Do not turn them out from their homes, nor shall they go out, unless they commit a gross indecency. These are Allah’s bounds, and whoever transgresses the bounds of Allah certainly wrongs himself. You never know maybe Allah will bring off something new later on.
Agha Ali Puya Commentary
Commentary on Quran 65:1
[Pooya/Ali Commentary 65:1]
In the first instance the Holy Prophet is addressed individually, as the teacher, leader, guide and vicegerent of Allah. Then the actual directions are addressed to the community collectively.
The Holy Prophet said:
"Of all things permitted by law, divorce is the most hateful in the sight of Allah."
While the sanctity of marriage is the essential basis of family life, the incompatibility of individuals and the weaknesses of human nature require certain adjustments and safeguards if that sanctity is not to be made an obsession at the expense of congeniality of human life.
Study the general directions and limitations of divorce in the commentary of Baqarah: 227 to 237 and 241; Nisa: 35 and Ahzab: 49. Iddat, a prescribed period to be observed after the divorce, is a technical term in divorce law, and has been explained in the abovenoted verses. Iddat is in the interest of the wife, the husband, the unborn child (if there is any) and sexual relationship, therefore is essential to maintain a civilised, balanced and orderly human society.
Aqa Mahdi Puya says:
It is commanded to divorce a woman at a time when she is not in the period of menstruation while no cohabitation had taken place.
Abdullah bin Umar made a mistake in divorcing his wife. Bukhari and Muslim narrate that he divorced his wife when she was in menstruation. Knowing this the Holy Prophet asked Abdullah to withdraw his divorce and keep her as a wife till she was free from the monthly course, then wait for her next menstruation and when she became clear again he could divorce her without cohabitation.
The concluding words give the reason for the iddat. It also makes it clear that three pronouncements of divorce in a single space of time is illegal. This portion says that a reconciliation is possible, and is recommended, at any stage, which is not possible if three announcements as above are made.
For the teachings of the Imams of the Ahl ul Bayt see commentary of Baqarah: 231.
If desire and commitment "to safeguard against evil with full awareness of divine laws" exists, Allah often provides a solution in the most unexpected ways: worst enemies reach compromise and reconciliation, seemingly separated hearts are united and apparently irreparable injuries are healed.
"Perchance Allah may bring about some new situation" in verse 1 and "Allah will make a way out for him" in verse 2 verify the Shi-ah point of view that there should be intervals in the 3 pronouncements of talaq, so as to give opportunity to husband and wife for reconciliation.
If "WA MAN YATTAQILLAHA YAJ-AL LAHU MAKHRAJA" in verse 2 and the whole verse 3 is recited 100 times after praying a 2 rak-at salat after midnight before daybreak in 40 consecutive nights, the promise of "a new situation" and "a way out" will be fulfilled.
See commentary of Baqarah: 231 and Nisa: 35 for the rights of the wife and the husband.
It is said that when verse 3 was revealed some simple-minded companions stopped making efforts to earn their livelihood, sat in their homes and recited this verse. Dependence upon Allah means not to rely upon people, events and sources for the fruits of labour but have full faith in Allah that He alone will return the recompense of labour, intelligence, learning and application man puts in his efforts to earn his sustenance, proportionate to that which has been invested. Allah's universal plan is always good and just. His ordering of the universe observes a due, just and perfect proportion.
He who depends on Allah (i) give thanks to Allah when he receives His bounties, (ii) never complains, nor turns to others, but bears with patience if he finds himself in distress and in want of earthly goods, (iii), gives what he is given by Allah to those who are in need and come to him for help.
For the waiting period (iddat) prescribed for women who have normal monthly course, or irregular monthly course, or carry life in their wombs refer to fiqh.
Allah's commands are not arbitrary. They help us, lead us to our good, temporal and spiritual. If we obey His commands, His wisdom and guidance solve our difficulties, remove the stink of immorality and ungodliness from our hearts and create in us discipline and order.
Those who disobey Allah's commands, and transgress the limits prescribed by Him, suffer humiliation and loss in this life and earn eternal punishment in the hereafter. Call to mind the fate of the people of Nuh, Salih, Lut, Shu-ayb and Firawn in the days of Musa, narrated in Araf, Hud, Yunus and other surahs and take warning. Laws relating to our fellow-beings in society, to our families and children in matters such as explained in the verses referred to above and in this surah are as important as any in our spiritual life. Those who take these laws light perish in this world and will suffer sure punishment in the hereafter.
65:2فَإِذَا بَلَغْنَ أَجَلَهُنَّ فَأَمْسِكُوهُنَّ بِمَعْرُوفٍ أَوْ فَارِقُوهُنَّ بِمَعْرُوفٍ وَأَشْهِدُوا ذَوَيْ عَدْلٍ مِّنكُمْ وَأَقِيمُوا الشَّهَادَةَ لِلَّهِ ذَلِكُمْ يُوعَظُ بِهِ مَن كَانَ يُؤْمِنُ بِاللَّهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ وَمَن يَتَّقِ اللَّهَ يَجْعَل لَّهُ مَخْرَجًا
Then, when they have completed their term, either retain them honourably or separate from them honourably, and take the witness of two honest men from among yourselves, and bear witness for the sake of Allah. Whoever believes in Allah and the Last Day is advised to [comply with] this. Whoever is wary of Allah, He shall make for him a way out [of the adversities of the world and the Hereafter]
Agha Ali Puya Commentary
Commentary on Quran 65:2
[Pooya/Ali Commentary 65:2] (see commentary for verse 1)
65:3وَيَرْزُقْهُ مِنْ حَيْثُ لَا يَحْتَسِبُ وَمَن يَتَوَكَّلْ عَلَى اللَّهِ فَهُوَ حَسْبُهُ إِنَّ اللَّهَ بَالِغُ أَمْرِهِ قَدْ جَعَلَ اللَّهُ لِكُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدْرًا
and provide for him from whence he does not count upon. And whoever puts his trust in Allah, He will suffice him. Indeed Allah carries through His commands. Certainly, Allah has ordained a measure [and extent] for everything.
Agha Ali Puya Commentary
Commentary on Quran 65:3
[Pooya/Ali Commentary 65:3] (see commentary for verse 1)
65:4وَاللَّائِي يَئِسْنَ مِنَ الْمَحِيضِ مِن نِّسَائِكُمْ إِنِ ارْتَبْتُمْ فَعِدَّتُهُنَّ ثَلَاثَةُ أَشْهُرٍ وَاللَّائِي لَمْ يَحِضْنَ وَأُولَاتُ الْأَحْمَالِ أَجَلُهُنَّ أَن يَضَعْنَ حَمْلَهُنَّ وَمَن يَتَّقِ اللَّهَ يَجْعَل لَّهُ مِنْ أَمْرِهِ يُسْرًا
As for those of your wives who have ceased having menses—[or] if you have any doubts [concerning its cause, whether it’s is age or something else]—their term [of waiting] and of those who have not yet had menses, shall be three months. As for those who are pregnant, their term shall be until they deliver. And whoever is wary of Allah, He shall grant him ease in his affairs.
Agha Ali Puya Commentary
Commentary on Quran 65:4
[Pooya/Ali Commentary 65:4] (see commentary for verse 1)
65:5ذَلِكَ أَمْرُ اللَّهِ أَنزَلَهُ إِلَيْكُمْ وَمَن يَتَّقِ اللَّهَ يُكَفِّرْ عَنْهُ سَيِّئَاتِهِ وَيُعْظِمْ لَهُ أَجْرًا
That is Allah’s ordinance, which He has sent down to you, and whoever is wary of Allah, He shall absolve him of his misdeeds and give him a great reward.
Agha Ali Puya Commentary
Commentary on Quran 65:5
[Pooya/Ali Commentary 65:5] (see commentary for verse 1)
65:6أَسْكِنُوهُنَّ مِنْ حَيْثُ سَكَنتُم مِّن وُجْدِكُمْ وَلَا تُضَارُّوهُنَّ لِتُضَيِّقُوا عَلَيْهِنَّ وَإِن كُنَّ أُولَاتِ حَمْلٍ فَأَنفِقُوا عَلَيْهِنَّ حَتَّى يَضَعْنَ حَمْلَهُنَّ فَإِنْ أَرْضَعْنَ لَكُمْ فَآتُوهُنَّ أُجُورَهُنَّ وَأْتَمِرُوا بَيْنَكُم بِمَعْرُوفٍ وَإِن تَعَاسَرْتُمْ فَسَتُرْضِعُ لَهُ أُخْرَى
House them where you live, in accordance with your means, and do not harass them to put them in straits, and should they be pregnant, maintain them until they deliver. Then, if they suckle [the baby] for you, give them their wages and consult together honourably. But if you make things difficult for each other, then another woman will suckle [the baby] for him.
Agha Ali Puya Commentary
Commentary on Quran 65:6
[Pooya/Ali Commentary 65:6] (see commentary for verse 1)
65:7لِيُنفِقْ ذُو سَعَةٍ مِّن سَعَتِهِ وَمَن قُدِرَ عَلَيْهِ رِزْقُهُ فَلْيُنفِقْ مِمَّا آتَاهُ اللَّهُ لَا يُكَلِّفُ اللَّهُ نَفْسًا إِلَّا مَا آتَاهَا سَيَجْعَلُ اللَّهُ بَعْدَ عُسْرٍ يُسْرًا
Let the affluent man spend out of his affluence, and let he whose provision has been tightened spend out of what Allah has given him. Allah does not task any soul except [according to] what He has given it. Allah will bring about ease after hardship.
Agha Ali Puya Commentary
Commentary on Quran 65:7
[Pooya/Ali Commentary 65:7] (see commentary for verse 1)
65:8وَكَأَيِّن مِّن قَرْيَةٍ عَتَتْ عَنْ أَمْرِ رَبِّهَا وَرُسُلِهِ فَحَاسَبْنَاهَا حِسَابًا شَدِيدًا وَعَذَّبْنَاهَا عَذَابًا نُّكْرًا
How many a town defied the command of its Lord and His apostles, then We called it to a severe account and punished it with a dire punishment.
Agha Ali Puya Commentary
Commentary on Quran 65:8
[Pooya/Ali Commentary 65:8] (see commentary for verse 1)
65:9فَذَاقَتْ وَبَالَ أَمْرِهَا وَكَانَ عَاقِبَةُ أَمْرِهَا خُسْرًا
So it tasted the evil consequences of its conduct, and the outcome of its conduct was ruin.
Agha Ali Puya Commentary
Commentary on Quran 65:9
[Pooya/Ali Commentary 65:9] (see commentary for verse 1)
65:10أَعَدَّ اللَّهُ لَهُمْ عَذَابًا شَدِيدًا فَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ يَاأُولِي الْأَلْبَابِ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا قَدْ أَنزَلَ اللَّهُ إِلَيْكُمْ ذِكْرًا
Allah has prepared for them a severe punishment. So be wary of Allah, O you who possess intellect and have faith! Allah has already sent down to you a reminder,
[Pooya/Ali Commentary 65:10]
Refer to the commentary of Baqarah: 257; Ma-idah: 15 and Nur: 35 to 38.
Aqa Mahdi Puya says:
Rasulan, in appositional case, qualifies dikr. The function stated here is that the signs of Allah are recited by him, therefore Jibrail is not referred to, but anzala is mostly used for the Quran, though in wider sense it can be used for other things as in Hijr: 21. The internal evidence suggests that it refers to the Holy Prophet. So dhikr is another divine title of the Holy Prophet whose life is a perfect example of remembering Allah.
65:11رَّسُولًا يَتْلُو عَلَيْكُمْ آيَاتِ اللَّهِ مُبَيِّنَاتٍ لِّيُخْرِجَ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ مِنَ الظُّلُمَاتِ إِلَى النُّورِ وَمَن يُؤْمِن بِاللَّهِ وَيَعْمَلْ صَالِحًا يُدْخِلْهُ جَنَّاتٍ تَجْرِي مِن تَحْتِهَا الْأَنْهَارُ خَالِدِينَ فِيهَا أَبَدًا قَدْ أَحْسَنَ اللَّهُ لَهُ رِزْقًا
an apostle reciting to you the manifest signs of Allah that He may bring out those who have faith and do righteous deeds from darkness into light. And whoever has faith in Allah and does righteous deeds, He shall admit him into gardens with streams running in them, to remain in them forever. Allah has certainly granted him an excellent provision.
[Pooya/Ali Commentary 65:11] (see commentary for verse 10)
65:12اللَّهُ الَّذِي خَلَقَ سَبْعَ سَمَاوَاتٍ وَمِنَ الْأَرْضِ مِثْلَهُنَّ يَتَنَزَّلُ الْأَمْرُ بَيْنَهُنَّ لِتَعْلَمُوا أَنَّ اللَّهَ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ وَأَنَّ اللَّهَ قَدْ أَحَاطَ بِكُلِّ شَيْءٍ عِلْمًا
It is Allah who has created seven heavens, and of the earth [a number] similar to them. The command gradually descends through them, that you may know that Allah has power over all things, and that Allah comprehends all things in knowledge.
[Pooya/Ali Commentary 65:12]
For sab-a samawat refer to the commentary of Baqarah: 29, Muminun: 17 and Saffat: 6.
