Tahdhīb al-Aḥkām

قال الشيخ رحمه الله وتتوجه إلى القبلة في السفينة وتصلي قائما ان قدرت وإلا جالسا وإذا دارت السفينة ادرت وجهك إلى القبلة فان عدمت معرفة القبلة بعد توجهك بدورانها اجزأك التوجه الاول ودرت معها حيث دارت وإذا التبست القبلة عليك في النوافل أو بعد طلب علاماتها عليك توجهت إلى رأس السفينة فصليت مصعدة ومنحدرة وكيف دارت

The Shaykh (Al-Mufid), may Allah (swt) have mercy on him, said: “You must face the qiblah on a ship and pray standing if you are able; otherwise, (you may pray) sitting. If the ship turns, you should turn your face toward the qiblah. But if, after having initially faced it, the ship turns and you are unable to determine the qiblah due to the movement, then your initial direction suffices, and you continue to face wherever it turns. And if the qiblah becomes unclear to you in supererogatory prayers or after seeking its indications, then you should face the front of the ship and pray while it is ascending or descending and however it turns.”

مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ عِيسَى قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ يُسْأَلُ عَنِ اَلصَّلاَةِ فِي اَلسَّفِينَةِ فَيَقُولُ« إِنِ اِسْتَطَعْتُمْ أَنْ تَخْرُجُوا إِلَى اَلْجَدَدِ فَاخْرُجُوا وَ إِنْ لَمْ تَقْدِرُوا فَصَلُّوا قِيَاماً وَ إِنْ لَمْ تَسْتَطِيعُوا فَصَلُّوا قُعُوداً وَ تَحَرَّوُا اَلْقِبْلَةَ»

Muhammad ibn Yaqub from Ali ibn Ibrahim from his father from Hammad ibn Isa. He said: I heard Aba Abdillah (a.s), peace be upon him, being asked about prayer on a ship. Imam (a.s) said: “If you are able to go out onto dry land, then go out. But if you are not able, then pray standing, and if you cannot, then pray sitting. And strive to face the qiblah.”

اَلْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ عَنِ اَلْقَاسِمِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ اَلْجَوْهَرِيِّ عَنِ اِبْنِ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ اَلصَّلاَةِ فِي اَلسَّفِينَةِ قَالَ« يُصَلِّي وَ هُوَ جَالِسٌ إِذَا لَمْ يُمْكِنْهُ اَلْقِيَامُ فِي اَلسَّفِينَةِ وَ لاَ يُصَلِّي فِي اَلسَّفِينَةِ وَ هُوَ يَقْدِرُ عَلَى اَلشَّطِّ» وَ قَالَ« يُصَلِّي فِي اَلسَّفِينَةِ يُحَوِّلُ وَجْهَهُ إِلَى اَلْقِبْلَةِ ثُمَّ يُصَلِّي كَيْفَ مَا دَارَتْ»

Al-Husayn ibn Said from al-Qasim ibn Muhammad al-Jawhari from Ibn Abi Hamzah from Ali ibn Ibrahim said: I asked Imam (a.s) about prayer on a boat. Imam (a.s) said: “He should pray while sitting if he is unable to stand in the boat, and he should not pray in the boat if he is able to reach the shore.” And Imam (a.s) said: “He should pray in the boat, turning his face towards the qiblah, then he may continue the prayer however the boat turns.”

وَ عَنْهُ عَنِ اِبْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ أَبِي أَيُّوبَ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ إِنَّا اُبْتُلِينَا وَ كُنَّا فِي سَفِينَةٍ فَأَمْسَيْنَا وَ لَمْ نَقْدِرْ عَلَى مَكَانٍ نَخْرُجُ فِيهِ فَقَالَ« أَصْحَابُ اَلسَّفِينَةِ لَيْسَ نُصَلِّي يَوْمَنَا مَادُمْنَا نَطْمَعُ فِي اَلْخُرُوجِ» فَقَالَ «إِنَّ أَبِي كَانَ يَقُولُ« تِلْكَ صَلاَةُ نُوحٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ» أَ وَ مَا تَرْضَى أَنْ تُصَلِّيَ صَلاَةَ نُوحٍ» فَقُلْتُ بَلَى جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ قَالَ« لاَ يَضِيقَنَّ صَدْرُكَ فَإِنَّ نُوحاً قَدْ صَلَّى فِي اَلسَّفِينَةِ» قَالَ قُلْتُ قَائِماً أَوْ قَاعِداً قَالَ« بَلْ قَائِماً» قَالَ قُلْتُ فَإِنِّي رُبَّمَا اِسْتَقْبَلْتُ اَلْقِبْلَةَ فَدَارَتِ اَلسَّفِينَةُ قَالَ« تَحَرَّ اَلْقِبْلَةَ بِجُهْدِكَ»

From him, from Ibn Abi Umayr, from Abu Ayyub. He said: I said to Abu Abdillah (a.s), peace be upon him: “We were afflicted with a situation, and we were on a boat, and evening came upon us while we were unable to find a place where we could disembark.” So Imam (a.s) said: “The people of the boat do not pray during the day, as long as they hope to disembark.” Then Imam (a.s) said: “My father (Imam al-Baqir (a.s)) used to say: ‘That is the prayer of Nuh (a.s), peace be upon him.’ And are you not pleased to pray the prayer of Nuh (a.s)?” I said: “Yes, may I be your ransom.” Imam (a.s) said: “Do not let your heart be constricted, for Nuh (a.s) prayed on the boat.” I asked: “While standing or sitting?” Imam (a.s) said: “Rather, (it was whilst) standing.” I asked: “Sometimes I face the qiblah, then the boat turns.” Imam (a.s) said: “Strive to face the qiblah with the best of your effort.”

وَعَنْهُ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ عَنِ اِبْنِ مُسْكَانَ عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ خَالِدٍ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ اَلصَّلاَةِ فِي اَلسَّفِينَةِ فَقَالَ« يُصَلِّي قَائِماً فَإِنْ لَمْ يَسْتَطِعِ اَلْقِيَامَ فَلْيَجْلِسْ وَ يُصَلِّي وَ هُوَ مُسْتَقْبِلُ اَلْقِبْلَةِ فَإِنْ دَارَتِ اَلسَّفِينَةُ فَلْيَدُرْ مَعَ اَلْقِبْلَةِ إِنْ قَدَرَ عَلَى ذَلِكَ وَ إِنْ لَمْ يَقْدِرْ عَلَى ذَلِكَ فَلْيَثْبُتْ عَلَى مَقَامِهِ وَ لْيَتَحَرَّ اَلْقِبْلَةَ بِجُهْدِهِ» وَ قَالَ« يُصَلِّي اَلنَّافِلَةَ مُسْتَقْبِلَ صَدْرِ اَلسَّفِينَةِ وَ هُوَ مُسْتَقْبِلُ اَلْقِبْلَةِ إِذَا كَبَّرَ ثُمَّ لاَ يَضُرُّهُ حَيْثُ دَارَتْ»

From him, from Muhammad ibn Sinan, from Ibn Muskan, from Sulayman ibn Khalid. He (Sulayman) said: “I asked Imam (a.s) about prayer on a boat.” Imam (a.s) said: “He should pray while standing, and if he is unable to stand, then let him sit and pray while facing the qiblah. If the boat turns, then let him turn with the qiblah if he is able to do so, and if he is not able to do so, then let him remain in his place and strive to face the qiblah with the best of his effort.” And Imam (a.s) said: “He should pray the supererogatory prayer facing the front of the boat, while he is facing the qiblah when he says the takbir, and it does not harm him wherever the boat turns afterward.”

مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ اَلْحُسَيْنِ عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ عَنْ هَارُونَ بْنِ حَمْزَةَ اَلْغَنَوِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ اَلصَّلاَةِ فِي اَلسَّفِينَةِ فَقَالَ« إِذَا كَانَتْ مُحَمَّلَةً ثَقِيلَةً إِذَا قُمْتَ فِيهَا لَمْ تَتَحَرَّكْ فَصَلِّ قَائِماً وَ إِنْ كَانَتْ خَفِيفَةً تَكَفَّأُ فَصَلِّ قَاعِداً»

Muhammad ibn Yaqub from Muhammad ibn Yahya from Muhammad ibn al-Husayn from Yazid ibn Ishaq from Harun ibn Hamzah al-Ghanawi from Abu Abdillah (a.s), peace be upon him. He said: I asked Imam al-Sadiq (a.s) about prayer on a boat. Imam (a.s) said: “If it is loaded and heavy, such that when you stand in it, it does not sway, then pray standing. But if it is light and sways, then pray sitting.”