Hadith 23أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ حَمَّادٍ عَنْ حَرِيزٍ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَمَّا فَرَضَ اَللَّهُ مِنَ اَلصَّلاَةِ فَقَالَ« خَمْسُ صَلَوَاتٍُ فِي اَللَّيْلِ وَ اَلنَّهَارِ» فَقُلْتُ هَلْ سَمَّاهُنَّ اَللَّهُ وَ بَيَّنَهُنَّ فِي كِتَابِهِ فَقَالَ« نَعَمْ قَالَ اَللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ لِنَبِيِّهِ« أَقِمِ اَلصَّلاٰةَ لِدُلُوكِ اَلشَّمْسِ إِلىٰ غَسَقِ اَللَّيْلِ» وَ دُلُوكُهَا زَوَالُهَا فَفِيمَا بَيْنَ دُلُوكِ اَلشَّمْسِ إِلَى غَسَقِ اَللَّيْلِ أَرْبَعُ صَلَوَاتٍُ سَمَّاهُنَّ وَبَيَّنَهُنَّ وَوَقَّتَهُنَّ وَ غَسَقُ اَللَّيْلِ اِنْتِصَافُهُ ثُمَّ قَالَ« وَقُرْآنَ اَلْفَجْرِ إِنَّ قُرْآنَ اَلْفَجْرِ كٰانَ مَشْهُوداً» فَهَذِهِ اَلْخَامِسَةُ وَقَالَ فِي ذَلِكَ« وَأَقِمِ اَلصَّلاٰةَ طَرَفَيِ اَلنَّهٰارِ» وَطَرَفَاهُ اَلْمَغْرِبُ وَاَلْغَدَاةُ« وَزُلَفاً مِنَ اَللَّيْلِ» وَ هِيَ صَلاَةُ اَلْعِشَاءِ اَلْآخِرَةِ وَ قَالَ« حٰافِظُوا عَلَى اَلصَّلَوٰاتِ وَ اَلصَّلاٰةِ اَلْوُسْطىٰ» وَ هِيَ صَلاَةُ اَلظُّهْرِ وَ هِيَ أَوَّلُ صَلاَةٍ صَلاَّهَا رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ وَ هِيَ وَسَطُ اَلنَّهَارِ وَ وَسَطُ صَلاَتَيْنِ بِالنَّهَارِ صَلاَةِ اَلْغَدَاةِ وَ صَلاَةِ اَلْعَصْرِ» وَ فِي بَعْضِ اَلْقِرَاءَةِ«« حٰافِظُوا عَلَى اَلصَّلَوٰاتِ وَ اَلصَّلاٰةِ اَلْوُسْطىٰ» صَلاَةِ اَلْعَصْرِ« وَ قُومُوا لِلّٰهِ قٰانِتِينَ»» قَالَ« فَنَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ اَلْآيَةُ يَوْمَ اَلْجُمُعَةِ وَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ فِي سَفَرٍ فَقَنَتَ فِيهَا وَ تَرَكَهَا عَلَى حَالِهَا فِي اَلسَّفَرِ وَ اَلْحَضَرِ وَ أَضَافَ لِلْمُقِيمِ رَكْعَتَيْنِ وَ إِنَّمَا وُضِعَتِ اَلرَّكْعَتَانِ اَللَّتَانِ أَضَافَهُمَا اَلنَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ يَوْمَ اَلْجُمُعَةِ لِلْمُقِيمِ لِمَكَانِ اَلْخُطْبَتَيْنِ مَعَ اَلْإِمَامِ فَمَنْ صَلَّى يَوْمَ اَلْجُمُعَةِ فِي غَيْرِ جَمَاعَةٍ فَلْيُصَلِّهَا أَرْبَعَ رَكَعَاتٍ كَصَلاَةِ اَلظُّهْرِ فِي سَائِرِ اَلْأَيَّامِ»
Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Isa from Hammad from Hariz from Zurarah from Abu Ja‘far (a.s), peace be upon him, who said:
I asked Him (a.s) about what Allah (swt) has made obligatory in terms of prayer. Imam (a.s) said: "Five prayers during the night and day." So I asked: "Has Allah (swt) named them and clarified them in His Book?" Imam (a.s) said: "Yes. Allah (swt), the Mighty and Majestic, said to His Prophet (saws); ‘Establish the prayer from the decline of the sun until the darkness of the night (Surah Al-Isra’ 17:78)’ - And its decline (duluk) is its zenith. And between the decline of the sun and the darkness of the night are four prayers that He (azj) named, clarified, and set their times. And the darkness of the night is its midpoint. Then Imam (a.s) said: “And ‘(establish) the recitation of the dawn; indeed, the recitation of the dawn is ever witnessed’, this is (about) the fifth.” And He (azj) said in that; ‘Establish prayer at the two ends of the day’, and its two ends are Maghrib and Ghadah (fajr, morning). And ‘in the early part of the night’, this is the night prayer (Isha). And He (azj) said; ‘Guard strictly [five] the prayers, especially the middle prayer’, and that is the Dhuhr prayer, and it was the first prayer that the Messenger of Allah (swt), may Allah (swt) bless him and his family, prayed. It is the middle of the day and the middle of the two daytime prayers: the morning and the ‘Asr prayers.” And in some recitations it is; ‘Guard strictly the prayers and the middle prayer, the ‘Asr prayer, and stand before Allah (swt) devoutly.’" Imam (a.s) said: "This verse was revealed on the day of Jumu‘ah while the Messenger of Allah (swt), may Allah (swt) bless him and his family, was on a journey, and he performed qunut in it and left it as it was in travel and in residence. And He (saws) added two rak‘ahs for the resident, and the two rak‘ahs that the Prophet (saws), may Allah (swt) bless him and his family, added on the day of Jumu‘ah for the resident were because of the two sermons with the Imam (of prayer). So whoever prays on the day of Jumu‘ah not in congregation, let him pray it four rak‘ahs like the Dhuhr prayer on the other days."
