Man Lā Yaḥḍuruh al-Faqīh

رَوَى اَلْعَلاَءُ بْنُ رَزِينٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ: "أَوْصَانِي جَبْرَئِيلُ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ بِالْمَرْأَةِ حَتَّى ظَنَنْتُ أَنَّهُ لاَ يَنْبَغِي طَلاَقُهَا إِلاَّ مِنْ فَاحِشَةٍ مُبَيِّنَةٍ".

Al-Alaa ibn Razin narrated from Muhammad ibn Muslim, from Abu Jafar Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (a.s) that the Messenger of Allah (swt) said: "Archangel Jibril (a.s) advised me regarding women so much that I thought divorce should not be permissible except in the case of clear indecency."

وَ سَأَلَ إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ عَمَّارٍ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: عَنْ حَقِّ اَلْمَرْأَةِ عَلَى زَوْجِهَا قَالَ "يُشْبِعُ بَطْنَهَا وَ يَكْسُو جُثَّتَهَا وَ إِنْ جَهِلَتْ غَفَرَ لَهَا".

Ishaq ibn Ammar asked Abu Abdillah (a.s) about the right of a woman over her husband. Imam (a.s) said: "He should satisfy her hunger, clothe her body, and if she acts ignorantly, he should forgive her."

"إِنَّ إِبْرَاهِيمَ خَلِيلَ اَلرَّحْمَنِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ شَكَا إِلَى اَللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ خُلُقَ سَارَةَ فَأَوْحَى اَللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ إِلَيْهِ أَنَّ مَثَلَ اَلْمَرْأَةِ مَثَلُ اَلضِّلْعِ إِنْ أَقَمْتَهُ اِنْكَسَرَ وَ إِنْ تَرَكْتَهُ اِسْتَمْتَعْتَ بِهِ " قُلْتُ مَنْ قَالَ هَذَا فَغَضِبَ ثُمَّ قَالَ "هَذَا وَ اَللَّهِ قَوْلُ رَسُولِ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ ".

Ibrahim (a.s), the Friend of the Most Merciful (swt), complained to Allah (swt), the Mighty and Majestic, about the behavior of Sarah (s.a). So Allah (swt), the Mighty and Majestic, revealed to him: "The example of a woman is like the example of a rib, if you try to straighten it, it will break, and if you leave it as it is, you will benefit from it." I asked: "Who said this?" Imam (a.s) became angry and then said: "By Allah (swt), this is the saying of the Messenger of Allah (swt) (peace and blessings be upon him and his family)."

وَ قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: "كَانَتْ لِأَبِي عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ اِمْرَأَةٌ وَ كَانَتْ تُؤْذِيهِ فَكَانَ يَغْفِرُ لَهَا ".

Abu Abdillah (a.s) said: "My father (a.s) had a wife who used to harm him, yet he would forgive her."

وَ رَوَى عَاصِمُ بْنُ حُمَيْدٍ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ يَقُولُ: "مَنْ كَانَتْ عِنْدَهُ اِمْرَأَةٌ فَلَمْ يَكْسُهَا مَا يُوَارِي عَوْرَتَهَا وَ يُطْعِمْهَا مَا يُقِيمُ صُلْبَهَا كَانَ حَقّاً عَلَى اَلْإِمَامِ أَنْ يُفَرِّقَ بَيْنَهُمَا".

Asim ibn Humayd narrated from Abu Basir, who said: I heard Abu Jafar Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (a.s) say: "Whoever has a wife and does not provide her with clothing to cover her modesty and food to sustain her strength, it is the duty of the Imam to separate them."

وَ رَوَى رِبْعِيُّ بْنُ عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ وَ اَلْفُضَيْلُ بْنُ يَسَارٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: فِي قَوْلِهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: وَ مَنْ قُدِرَ عَلَيْهِ رِزْقُهُ فَلْيُنْفِقْ مِمّٰا آتٰاهُ اَللّٰهُ قَالَ "إِنْ أَنْفَقَ عَلَيْهَا مَا يُقِيمُ ظَهْرَهَا مَعَ كِسْوَةٍ وَ إِلاَّ فُرِّقَ بَيْنَهُمَا".

Rubi ibn Abdullah and Al-Fudhayl ibn Yasar narrated from Abu Abdillah (a.s) regarding the saying of Allah (swt), the Mighty and Majestic: "And whoever has his provision restricted, let him spend from what Allah (swt) has given him" (Surah At-Talaq 65:7). Imam (a.s) said: "If he provides for her what sustains her strength along with clothing, then it is sufficient. Otherwise, they shall be separated."

وَ رَوَى أَبُو اَلصَّبَّاحِ اَلْكِنَانِيُّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: "إِذَا صَلَّتِ اَلْمَرْأَةُ خَمْسَهَا وَ صَامَتْ شَهْرَهَا وَ حَجَّتْ بَيْتَ رَبِّهَا وَ أَطَاعَتْ زَوْجَهَا وَ عَرَفَتْ حَقَّ عَلِيٍّ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ فَلْتَدْخُلْ مِنْ أَيِّ أَبْوَابِ اَلْجِنَانِ شَاءَتْ ".

Abu al-Sabbah al-Kinani narrated from Abu Abdillah (a.s) who said: "If a woman performs her five daily prayers, fasts during her month (Ramadan), performs Hajj to the House of her Lord (azj), obeys her husband, and acknowledges the right of Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (a.s), then she may enter Paradise through whichever gate she wishes."

وَ رَوَى مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: "إِنَّ رَجُلاً مِنَ اَلْأَنْصَارِ عَلَى عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ خَرَجَ فِي بَعْضِ حَوَائِجِهِ وَ عَهِدَ إِلَى اِمْرَأَتِهِ عَهْداً أَلاَّ تَخْرُجَ مِنْ بَيْتِهَا حَتَّى يَقْدَمَ" قَالَ "وَ إِنَّ أَبَاهَا مَرِضَ فَبَعَثَتِ اَلْمَرْأَةُ إِلَى رَسُولِ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ فَقَالَتْ إِنَّ زَوْجِي خَرَجَ وَ عَهِدَ إِلَيَّ أَنْ لاَ أَخْرُجَ مِنْ بَيْتِي حَتَّى يَقْدَمَ وَ إِنَّ أَبِي مَرِيضٌ فَتَأْمُرُنِي أَنْ أَعُودَهُ فَقَالَ "لاَ اِجْلِسِي فِي بَيْتِكِ وَ أَطِيعِي زَوْجَكِ" " قَالَ "فَمَاتَ فَبَعَثَتْ إِلَيْهِ فَقَالَتْ يَا رَسُولَ اَللَّهِ إِنَّ أَبِي قَدْ مَاتَ فَتَأْمُرُنِي أَنْ أُصَلِّيَ عَلَيْهِ فَقَالَ "لاَ اِجْلِسِي فِي بَيْتِكِ وَ أَطِيعِي زَوْجَكِ" " قَالَ "فَدُفِنَ اَلرَّجُلُ فَبَعَثَ إِلَيْهَا، رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ "أَنَّ اَللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ قَدْ غَفَرَ لَكِ وَ لِأَبِيكِ بِطَاعَتِكِ لِزَوْجِكِ" ".

Muhammad ibn Abi Umayr narrated from Abdullah ibn Sinan, from Abu Abdillah (a.s), who said: A man from the Ansar, during the time of the Messenger of Allah (swt) (peace and blessings be upon him and his family), went out for some errands and instructed his wife not to leave her house until he returned. Her father became ill, so the woman sent a message to the Messenger of Allah (swt) (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) saying: "My husband has gone out and instructed me not to leave my house until he returns, but my father is ill. Do you command me to visit him?" The Messenger of Allah (swt) (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) said: "No, stay in your house and obey your husband." Then her father died, so she sent another message, saying: "O Messenger of Allah (swt), my father has died. Do you command me to perform the funeral prayer for him?" He (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) said: "No, stay in your house and obey your husband." After the man was buried, the Messenger of Allah (swt) (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) sent her a message saying: "Indeed, Allah (swt), the Mighty and Majestic, has forgiven you and your father because of your obedience to your husband."

وَ سُئِلَ اَلصَّادِقُ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنْ قَوْلِ اَللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: قُوا أَنْفُسَكُمْ وَ أَهْلِيكُمْ نٰاراً كَيْفَ نَقِيهِنَّ قَالَ "تَأْمُرُونَهُنَّ وَ تَنْهَوْنَهُنَّ" قِيلَ لَهُ إِنَّا نَأْمُرُهُنَّ وَ نَنْهَاهُنَّ فَلاَ يَقْبَلْنَ قَالَ "إِذَا أَمَرْتُمُوهُنَّ وَ نَهَيْتُمُوهُنَّ فَقَدْ قَضَيْتُمْ مَا عَلَيْكُمْ".

Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (a.s) was asked about the saying of Allah (swt), the Mighty and Majestic: "Protect yourselves and your families from a Fire" (Surah At-Tahrim, 66:6). How do we protect them? Imam (a.s) said: "You command them and forbid them." It was said to him: "We command them and forbid them, but they do not accept." Imam (a.s) said: "When you have commanded them and forbidden them, then you have fulfilled your responsibility."

وَ رَوَى عَبْدُ اَللَّهِ بْنُ سِنَانٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: "أَلْهِمُوهُنَّ حُبَّ عَلِيٍّ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ وَ ذَرُوهُنَّ بَلْهَاءَ ".

Abdullah ibn Sinan narrated from Abu Abdillah (a.s) who said: "Inspire them with the love of Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (a.s) and leave them in their natural simplicity."

وَ رَوَى إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ أَبِي زِيَادٍ عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنْ آبَائِهِ عَلَيْهِمُ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ: "لاَ تُنْزِلُوا نِسَاءَكُمُ اَلْغُرَفَ وَ لاَ تُعَلِّمُوهُنَّ اَلْكِتَابَةَ وَ لاَ تُعَلِّمُوهُنَّ سُورَةَ يُوسُفَ وَ عَلِّمُوهُنَّ اَلْمِغْزَلَ وَ سُورَةَ اَلنُّورِ ".

Ismail ibn Abi Ziyad narrated from Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (a.s) from his father, Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (a.s), from his forefathers (peace be upon them), who said: The Messenger of Allah (swt) (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) said: "Do not house your women in upper chambers, do not teach them writing, and do not teach them Surah Yusuf. Instead, teach them spinning and Surah An-Nur."

وَ رَوَى ضُرَيْسٌ اَلْكُنَاسِيُّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: "إِنَّ اِمْرَأَةً أَتَتْ رَسُولَ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ لِبَعْضِ اَلْحَاجَةِ فَقَالَ لَهَا "لَعَلَّكِ مِنَ اَلْمُسَوِّفَاتِ" فَقَالَتْ وَ مَا اَلْمُسَوِّفَاتُ يَا رَسُولَ اَللَّهِ فَقَالَ "اَلْمَرْأَةُ يَدْعُوهَا زَوْجُهَا لِبَعْضِ اَلْحَاجَةِ فَلاَ تَزَالُ تُسَوِّفُهُ حَتَّى يَنْعُسَ زَوْجُهَا فَيَنَامَ فَتِلْكَ لاَ تَزَالُ اَلْمَلاَئِكَةُ تَلْعَنُهَا حَتَّى يَسْتَيْقِظَ زَوْجُهَا " ".

Durays al-Kunasi narrated from Abu Abdillah (a.s) who said: A woman came to the Messenger of Allah (swt) (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) for some need, and he said to her: "Perhaps you are one of those who delay (their husbands)?" She asked: "And who are those who delay, O Messenger of Allah (swt)?" He (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) said: "A woman whose husband calls her for some need, but she keeps delaying him until he becomes drowsy and falls asleep. Such a woman is continuously cursed by the angels until her husband wakes up."

وَ قَالَ اَلصَّادِقُ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: "رَحِمَ اَللَّهُ عَبْداً أَحْسَنَ فِيمَا بَيْنَهُ وَ بَيْنَ زَوْجَتِهِ، فَإِنَّ اَللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ قَدْ مَلَّكَهُ نَاصِيَتَهَا وَ جَعَلَهُ اَلْقَيِّمَ عَلَيْهَا".

Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (a.s) said: "May Allah (swt) have mercy on a servant who treats his wife well, for Allah (swt), the Mighty and Majestic, has given him authority over her and made him her guardian."

وَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ: "خَيْرُكُمْ خَيْرُكُمْ لِنِسَائِهِ وَ أَنَا خَيْرُكُمْ لِنِسَائِي ".

The Messenger of Allah (swt) (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) said: "The best of you is the one who is best to his wives, and I am the best of you to my wives."