Man Lā Yaḥḍuruh al-Faqīh

رَوَى أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَائِذٍ عَنْ أَبِي خَدِيجَةَ سَالِمِ بْنِ مُكْرَمٍ اَلْجَمَّالِ قَالَ قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ جَعْفَرُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ اَلصَّادِقُ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: "إِيَّاكُمْ أَنْ يُحَاكِمَ بَعْضُكُمْ بَعْضاً إِلَى أَهْلِ اَلْجَوْرِ وَ لَكِنِ اُنْظُرُوا إِلَى رَجُلٍ مِنْكُمْ، يَعْلَمُ شَيْئاً مِنْ قَضَايَانَا فَاجْعَلُوهُ بَيْنَكُمْ فَإِنِّي قَدْ جَعَلْتُهُ قَاضِياً فَتَحَاكَمُوا إِلَيْهِ ".

Ahmad ibn A'idh narrated from Abu Khadijah Salim ibn Mukram al-Jammal, who said: Abu Abdullah Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (a.s) said: "Beware that none of you should take another to judgment before the people of tyranny. Instead, look for a man among you who knows something of our judgments, and appoint him as a judge between you, for indeed I have appointed him as a judge. So refer to him for judgment."

وَ رَوَى مُعَلَّى بْنُ خُنَيْسٍ عَنِ اَلصَّادِقِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لَهُ قَوْلُ اَللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ إِنَّ اَللّٰهَ يَأْمُرُكُمْ أَنْ تُؤَدُّوا اَلْأَمٰانٰاتِ إِلىٰ أَهْلِهٰا وَ إِذٰا حَكَمْتُمْ بَيْنَ اَلنّٰاسِ أَنْ تَحْكُمُوا بِالْعَدْلِ قَالَ "عَلَى اَلْإِمَامِ أَنْ يَدْفَعَ مَا عِنْدَهُ إِلَى اَلْإِمَامِ اَلَّذِي بَعْدَهُ وَ أُمِرَتِ اَلْأَئِمَّةُ أَنْ يَحْكُمُوا بِالْعَدْلِ وَ أُمِرَ اَلنَّاسُ أَنْ يَتَّبِعُوهُمْ".

Mualla ibn Khunays narrated from Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (a.s). He said: I asked Imam (a.s) about the saying of Allah (swt), the Mighty and Majestic: "Indeed, Allah (swt) commands you to render trusts to their owners and when you judge between people, to judge with justice." (Surah An-Nisa 4:58) Imam (a.s) replied: "It is incumbent upon the Imam (a.s) to hand over what is with him to the next Imam (a.s) who comes after him. The Imams (a.s) have been commanded to judge with justice, and the people have been commanded to follow them."

وَ رَوَى عَطَاءُ بْنُ اَلسَّائِبِ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ اَلْحُسَيْنِ عَلَيْهِمَا اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: "إِذَا كُنْتُمْ فِي أَئِمَّةِ جَوْرٍ فَاقْضُوا فِي أَحْكَامِهِمْ وَ لاَ تَشْهَرُوا أَنْفُسَكُمْ فَتُقْتَلُوا وَ إِنْ تَعَامَلْتُمْ بِأَحْكَامِنَا كَانَ خَيْراً لَكُمْ ".

Ata' ibn al-Sa'ib narrated from Imam Ali ibn Al-Hussain (a.s) who said: "When you are under oppressive rulers, then judge according to their rulings and do not expose yourselves, lest you be killed. However, if you conduct your dealings according to our rulings, it will be better for you."

وَ رَوَى اَلْحَسَنُ بْنُ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: "أَيُّمَا مُؤْمِنٍ قَدَّمَ مُؤْمِناً فِي خُصُومَةٍ إِلَى قَاضٍ أَوْ سُلْطَانٍ جَائِرٍ فَقَضَى عَلَيْهِ بِغَيْرِ حُكْمِ اَللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ فَقَدْ شَرِكَهُ فِي اَلْإِثْمِ ".

Al-Hasan ibn Mahbub narrated from Abdullah ibn Sinan, from Abu Abdillah (a.s), who said: "Any believer who refers another believer to a judge or a tyrannical ruler, and he rules against him contrary to the judgment of Allah (swt), the Mighty and Majestic, has indeed shared in the sin."

وَ رَوَى حَرِيزٌ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: "أَيُّمَا رَجُلٍ كَانَ بَيْنَهُ وَ بَيْنَ أَخٍ لَهُ، مُمَارَاةٌ فِي حَقٍّ فَدَعَاهُ إِلَى رَجُلٍ مِنْ إِخْوَانِكُمْ لِيَحْكُمَ بَيْنَهُ وَ بَيْنَهُ فَأَبَى إِلاَّ أَنْ يُرَافِعَهُ إِلَى هَؤُلاَءِ كَانَ بِمَنْزِلَةِ اَلَّذِينَ قَالَ اَللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: أَ لَمْ تَرَ إِلَى اَلَّذِينَ يَزْعُمُونَ أَنَّهُمْ آمَنُوا بِمٰا أُنْزِلَ إِلَيْكَ وَ مٰا أُنْزِلَ مِنْ قَبْلِكَ يُرِيدُونَ أَنْ يَتَحٰاكَمُوا إِلَى اَلطّٰاغُوتِ وَ قَدْ أُمِرُوا أَنْ يَكْفُرُوا بِهِ " اَلْآيَةَ.

Hariz narrated from Abu Basir, from Abu Abdillah (a.s) that he said: "Any man who has a dispute with his brother over a right, and he calls him to a man from among your brothers to judge between them, but he refuses and insists on taking him to these (unjust judges), is like those about whom Allah (swt), the Mighty and Majestic, said: 'Have you not seen those who claim to have believed in what was revealed to you and what was revealed before you? They wish to refer their judgment to Taghut, while they were commanded to reject it'" (Surah An-Nisa 4:60).