35. Sending Zakat from one Place to Other Places . . .
Back to book1ـ عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ حَرِيزٍ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ قَالَ قُلْتُ لأَبِي عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ الْسَّلام) رَجُلٌ بَعَثَ بِزَكَاةِ مَالِهِ لِتُقْسَمَ فَضَاعَتْ هَلْ عَلَيْهِ ضَمَانُهَا حَتَّى تُقْسَمَ فَقَالَ إِذَا وَجَدَ لَهَا مَوْضِعاً فَلَمْ يَدْفَعْهَا فَهُوَ لَهَا ضَامِنٌ حَتَّى يَدْفَعَهَا وَإِنْ لَمْ يَجِدْ لَهَا مَنْ يَدْفَعُهَا إِلَيْهِ فَبَعَثَ بِهَا إِلَى أَهْلِهَا فَلَيْسَ عَلَيْهِ ضَمَانٌ لأَنَّهَا قَدْ خَرَجَتْ مِنْ يَدِهِ وَكَذَلِكَ الْوَصِيُّ الَّذِي يُوصَى إِلَيْهِ يَكُونُ ضَامِناً لِمَا دُفِعَ إِلَيْهِ إِذَا وَجَدَ رَبَّهُ الَّذِي أُمِرَ بِدَفْعِهِ إِلَيْهِ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَجِدْ فَلَيْسَ عَلَيْهِ ضَمَانٌ.
1. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Hammad ibn ‘Isa from Hariz from Zurarah from Muhammad ibn Muslim who has said the following: “I once asked abu ’Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about a man who sends his Zakat for distribution but it is lost. Is he held responsible until it is distributed? He (the Imam) said, ‘If he had found a proper beneficiary and did not pay, he is held responsible until he pays it; but if he did not find proper beneficiary thus, sent it for distribution, he is not held responsible because it was out of his hand. So also is the case of the executor of a will who is held responsible for what is given to him when he finds the one to whom he was told to deliver and if he does not find, it is not his responsibility.’”
Allamah Baqir al-Majlisi: موثق - Mir‘at al ‘Uqul Fi Sharh Akhbar Al al Rasul (16/100)
2ـ حَمَّادُ بْنُ عِيسَى عَنْ حَرِيزٍ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ (عَلَيْهِ الْسَّلام) قَالَ إِذَا أَخْرَجَ الرَّجُلُ الزَّكَاةَ مِنْ مَالِهِ ثُمَّ سَمَّاهَا لِقَوْمٍ فَضَاعَتْ أَوْ أَرْسَلَ بِهَا إِلَيْهِمْ فَضَاعَتْ فَلاَ شَيْءَ عَلَيْهِ.
2. Hammad ibn ‘Isa has narrated from Hariz from abu Basir who has said the following: “Abu Ja‘far, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘If one takes out his Zakat and assigns it to be paid to a people but it is lost, or he sends it to them and it is lost, he is not held responsible.’”
Allamah Baqir al-Majlisi: حسن - Mir‘at al ‘Uqul Fi Sharh Akhbar Al al Rasul (16/101)
3ـ حَرِيزٌ عَنْ عُبَيْدِ بْنِ زُرَارَةَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ الْسَّلام) أَنَّهُ قَالَ إِذَا أَخْرَجَهَا مِنْ مَالِهِ فَذَهَبَتْ وَلَمْ يُسَمِّهَا لأَحَدٍ فَقَدْ بَرِئَ مِنْهَا.
3. Hariz has narrated from ‘Ubayd ibn Zurarah who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘If one takes away Zakat from his assets but does not name the beneficiary and it is lost, he is free from his obligation.’”
Allamah Baqir al-Majlisi: صحيح 1 - Mir‘at al ‘Uqul Fi Sharh Akhbar Al al Rasul (6/101)
4ـ حَرِيزٌ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ الْسَّلام) عَنْ رَجُلٍ بَعَثَ إِلَيْهِ أَخٌ لَهُ زَكَاتَهُ لِيَقْسِمَهَا فَضَاعَتْ فَقَالَ لَيْسَ عَلَى الرَّسُولِ وَلاَ عَلَى الْمُؤَدِّي ضَمَانٌ قُلْتُ فَإِنَّهُ لَمْ يَجِدْ لَهَا أَهْلاً فَفَسَدَتْ وَتَغَيَّرَتْ أَ يَضْمَنُهَا قَالَ لاَ وَلَكِنْ إِنْ عَرَفَ لَهَا أَهْلاً فَعَطِبَتْ أَوْ فَسَدَتْ فَهُوَ لَهَا ضَامِنٌ حَتَّى يُخْرِجَهَا.
4. Hariz has narrated from Zurarah who has said the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about a man whose brother sends his Zakat to distribute among beneficiaries but it is lost. He (the Imam) said, ‘The messenger is not responsible as well as the payer.’ I then asked, ‘If he does not find the beneficiary and it is spoiled or changed, is he responsible?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘No, he is not responsible. However, if he knows a beneficiary for it and it is destroyed or damaged, then he is responsible until he pays it off.’”
5ـ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ جَمِيلِ بْنِ صَالِحٍ عَنْ بُكَيْرِ بْنِ أَعْيَنَ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ (عَلَيْهِ الْسَّلام) عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يَبْعَثُ بِزَكَاتِهِ فَتُسْرَقُ أَوْ تَضِيعُ قَالَ لَيْسَ عَلَيْهِ شَيْءٌ.
5. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from al-Hassan ibn Mahbub from Jamil ibn Salih from Bukayr ibn ’A‘yan who has said the following: “I once asked abu Ja‘far, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about a man who sends his Zakat but it is stolen or destroyed. He (the Imam) said, ‘He does not owe anything.’”
6ـ عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَمَّنْ أَخْبَرَهُ عَنْ دُرُسْتَ عَنْ رَجُلٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ الْسَّلام) أَنَّهُ قَالَ فِي الزَّكَاةِ يَبْعَثُ بِهَا الرَّجُلُ إِلَى بَلَدٍ غَيْرِ بَلَدِهِ قَالَ لاَ بَأْسَ أَنْ يَبْعَثَ الثُّلُثَ أَوِ الرُّبُعَ شَكَّ أَبُو أَحْمَدَ.
6. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ibn abu ‘Umayr from the one who reported to him from Durust from a man who has said the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about a man who sends his Zakat from one town to another town. He (the Imam) said, ‘It is not harmful to send one-third or one-fourth (uncertainty is from narrator).”’
7ـ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ عَنِ الْفَضْلِ بْنِ شَاذَانَ وَعَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ جَمِيعاً عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ الْسَّلام) فِي الرَّجُلِ يُعْطَى الزَّكَاةَ يَقْسِمُهَا أَ لَهُ أَنْ يُخْرِجَ الشَّيْءَ مِنْهَا مِنَ الْبَلْدَةِ الَّتِي هُوَ فِيهَا إِلَى غَيْرِهَا قَالَ لاَ بَأْسَ.
7. Muhammad ibn ’Isma‘il has narrated from al-Fadl ibn Shadhan from and Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father all from ibn abu ‘Umayr from Hisham ibn Hakam who has said the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about a man who gives Zakat for distribution, if he can take a certain amount to another place? He (the Imam) said, ‘It is not harmful.”
8ـ عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ أُذَيْنَةَ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ عَنْ عَبْدِ الْكَرِيمِ بْنِ عُتْبَةَ الْهَاشِمِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ الْسَّلام) قَالَ كَانَ رَسُولُ الله (صلّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِه) يَقْسِمُ صَدَقَةَ أَهْلِ الْبَوَادِي فِي أَهْلِ الْبَوَادِي وَصَدَقَةَ أَهْلِ الْحَضَرِ فِي أَهْلِ الْحَضَرِ وَلاَ يَقْسِمُهَا بَيْنَهُمْ بِالسَّوِيَّةِ إِنَّمَا يَقْسِمُهَا عَلَى قَدْرِ مَا يَحْضُرُهُ مِنْهُمْ وَمَا يَرَى لَيْسَ فِي ذَلِكَ شَيْءٌ مُوَقَّتٌ.
8. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ibn abu ‘Umayr from ‘Umar ibn ’Udhaynah from Zurarah from ‘Abd al-Karim ibn ‘Utbah af-Hashimiy who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said that the Messenger of Allah would distribute Zakat of the Bedouins among the Bedouins and Zakat of the town dwellers among the town dwellers. He would not distribute it among them in equal amounts, instead he would distribute it among those present without considering anything definite about it.’”
9ـ عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ عَنْ وُهَيْبِ بْنِ حَفْصٍ قَالَ كُنَّا مَعَ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ فَأَتَاهُ عَمْرُو بْنُ إِلْيَاسَ فَقَالَ لَهُ يَا أَبَا مُحَمَّدٍ إِنَّ أَخِي بِحَلَبَ بَعَثَ إِلَيَّ بِمَالٍ مِنَ الزَّكَاةِ أَقْسِمُهُ بِالْكُوفَةِ فَقُطِعَ عَلَيْهِ الطَّرِيقُ فَهَلْ عِنْدَكَ فِيهِ رِوَايَةٌ فَقَالَ نَعَمْ سَأَلْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ (عَلَيْهِ الْسَّلام) عَنْ هَذِهِ الْمَسْأَلَةِ وَلَمْ أَظُنَّ أَنَّ أَحَداً يَسْأَلُنِي عَنْهَا أَبَداً فَقُلْتُ لأَبِي جَعْفَرٍ (عَلَيْهِ الْسَّلام) جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ الرَّجُلُ يَبْعَثُ بِزَكَاتِهِ مِنْ أَرْضٍ إِلَى أَرْضٍ فَيُقْطَعُ عَلَيْهِ الطَّرِيقُ فَقَالَ قَدْ أَجْزَأَتْ عَنْهُ وَلَوْ كُنْتُ أَنَا لأَعَدْتُهَا.
9. A number of our people have narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from al-Hassan ibn Ali from Wuhayb ibn Hafs who has said the following: “Once we were with abu Basir when ‘Amr ibn ’Ilyas came to him and said, ‘O abu Muhammad, my brother from Halab has sent to me a certain amount of goods of Zakat so I distribute in al-Kufah, but it was looted on the way. Do you have any Hadith about it?’ He said, ‘Yes, I once asked abu Ja‘far, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about this issue and I did not think anyone would ever ask me about it. I said to abu Ja‘far, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, I pray to Allah to keep my soul in service for your cause, a man sends his Zakat from one land to another land and it is looted on the way. He (the Imam) said, ‘It is sufficient (as payment for Zakat) but if it was up to me I would pay it again.’”
10ـ أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الأشْعَرِيُّ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ عَنْ صَفْوَانَ بْنِ يَحْيَى عَنْ عَبْدِ الله بْنِ مُسْكَانَ عَنِ الْحَلَبِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ الْسَّلام) قَالَ لاَ تَحِلُّ صَدَقَةُ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ لِلأعْرَابِ وَلاَ صَدَقَةُ الأعْرَابِ لِلْمُهَاجِرِينَ.
10. Abu Ali al-Ash’ariy has narrated from Muhammad ibn ‘Abd al-Jabbar from Safwan ibn Yahya from ‘Abd Allah ibn Muskan from al- Halabiy who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘Zakat of immigrants (converts to piety and religion) is not lawful for Arabs and the charity (Zakat) of Arabs is not lawful for immigrants.’”
11ـ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ عَنِ النَّضْرِ بْنِ سُوَيْدٍ عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ عِمْرَانَ عَنِ ابْنِ مُسْكَانَ عَنْ ضُرَيْسٍ قَالَ سَأَلَ الْمَدَائِنِيُّ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ (عَلَيْهِ الْسَّلام) قَالَ إِنَّ لَنَا زَكَاةً نُخْرِجُهَا مِنْ أَمْوَالِنَا فَفِي مَنْ نَضَعُهَا فَقَالَ فِي أَهْلِ وَلاَيَتِكَ فَقَالَ إِنِّي فِي بِلاَدٍ لَيْسَ فِيهَا أَحَدٌ مِنْ أَوْلِيَائِكَ فَقَالَ ابْعَثْ بِهَا إِلَى بَلَدِهِمْ تُدْفَعُ إِلَيْهِمْ وَلاَ تَدْفَعْهَا إِلَى قَوْمٍ إِنْ دَعَوْتَهُمْ غَداً إِلَى أَمْرِكَ لَمْ يُجِيبُوكَ وَكَانَ وَالله الذَّبْحُ.
11. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from al-Husayn ibn Sa‘id from al-Nadr ibn Suwayd from Yahya ibn ‘Imran from ibn Muskan from Durays who has said the following: “Once al-Mada’iniy asked abu Ja‘far, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, and said, ‘There is Zakat on our assets. To whom should we pay it? He (the Imam) said, ‘Pay it to the people of your Wilayah, people who believe in (the Divine Authority of ’A’immah).’ He said, ‘There is no one of your followers.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘Send it to where they are found. Do not give it to a people who will not accept your call if you will call them tomorrow. This by Allah is slaughter, (an expression of concern about enemies of ’A’immah).”